spotlight 2 Myanmar (end-2024) 74K India 20K Other countries Refugees and asylum-seekers 3.5M 25K Japan IDPs 81K Thailand 1M 703K Bangladesh IDP returnees 129K Malaysia 3K Indonesia SPOTLIGHT 2 For more information, see the UNHCR situation on Myanmar + Myanmar Background The humanitarian crisis in Myanmar is one of the most complex and protracted in the world, marked by recurring waves of displacement and few prospects for durable solutions. In 2017, 655,500 Rohingya fled military crackdowns in Rakhine State and sought refuge in Bangladesh.72 Since then, escalating conflict and human rights violations have displaced millions more people within Myanmar and to neighbouring countries. As of March 2025, there are 3.6 million people displaced within Myanmar and 1.5 million refugees and asylum-seekers from Myanmar. 4M 3M 2M Conflict escalation, October 2023 Military crackdown, August 2017 5M Number of people Military takeover, February 2021 Figure 5 | Number of IDPs in Myanmar and refugees and asylum-seekers from Myanmar | 2015 – March 2025 1M 0M 2015 IDPs 2016 Bangladesh 2017 2019 Malaysia India Humanitarian needs have grown since the military takeover in February 2021. They have escalated further after an intensification of the conflict and a surge in violence in late 2023, including in Rakhine 2021 Thailand Indonesia 2023 Sri Lanka March 2025 Other State. The deteriorating situation has placed additional strains on local communities and already overstretched services and facilities. Civilians continue to face grave violations and risks amid the 72 See Global Trends 2017, UNHCR. UNHCR > GLOBAL TRENDS 2024 19