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Academicians and jurist the world over have criticized such processes. Haley Duschinski has
put forth the concerns succinctly as “The demand for identification that opens possibilities of
sanction and prohibition, is the moment at which state power is practiced and state subjecthood
is formed”. She also argues that identity documents are unpredictable and unstable enactments
of state power, constantly oscillating between being a ‘threat’ and ‘a guarantee’ to their bearers,
and traversing the uncertain geographies between arbitrary violence and the sanctity of lawvi.
Exclusion of more than nineteen lac people from the list has practically proved this show of
state authority and application of positive law.
The NRC process highlighted the inability of the State to carry out such an exercise without
fault and legally. There were numerous inconsistencies in all lists of the NRC, which proves
that the impact of a clerical error could mean, in these circumstances, being rendered stateless.
The right to live with dignity ensured to all citizens almost seems forgotten by such brute State
actionvii. These drawbacks were also highlighted by Amnesty International Report that held the
Foreigners Tribunals as “complicit in perpetuating exclusion and abuseviii” when deciding cases
of exclusion. The Report further stated that method of functioning adopted by the Tribunals
were not those that met the international standards of fair trial as they were found to be riddled
with prejudices, bias and most importantly arbitrary decision-making processesix. Even though
the NPR and National Register for Indian Citizens shall both follow different processes x, the
NRC exercise paints us an accurate picture as how efficiently state policy in the hands of
underprepared executive can implemented.
The provisions of the Citizenship Amendments clearly show that the State can discriminate
among people on the basis of religion. The Hon’ble Union Home Minister has spoken this
effect by stating that all non-Muslims will get citizenship rightsxi. The NRC has been
challenged as being contrary to the reasonable test laid down by the Supreme Court in plethora
of casesxii and thus bad law.
GENDER DISCRIMINATORY – AN ASPECT OFTEN OVERLOOKED
The process followed in the NRC Exercise is especially exclusionary and discriminatory
towards women. An enactment that aims to ‘cleanse’ Assam of foreigners, is in reality creating
JOURNAL OF LEGAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH
Volume 6 Issue 4 – ISSN 2455 2437
August 2020
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Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3665733