participating children in other countries, many cannot acquire a nationality from their parents due to being refugees or conflicts or discrimination in nationality laws. Unlike the children in other project countries, however, the children born in Ukraine have now also lost their links to Ukraine, their country of birth and are likely to face significant barriers to acquiring a nationality. Case study – Asma Asma was born in Ukraine to an Eritrean mother seeking asylum in the country. Due to legal and practical barriers, Asma cannot acquire Eritrean nationality from her mother and her father is absent, so Asma would be stateless unless she acquires Ukrainian nationality. Asma’s mother filed a claim for acquisition of Ukrainian nationality for her on the basis that she would otherwise be stateless, but this was rejected on the bureaucratic ground that her mother’s passport was being held by the State Migration Service while her asylum claim was pending. R2P submitted a claim to the court to appeal this decision in October 2021, but while the court procedure was pending, Asma’s mother’s passport expired. Asma’s mother cannot apply for confirmation of her child’s Ukrainian nationality without a valid passport, nor can she renew her passport with the Eritrean authorities as she has well-founded fears of persecution in that country. At the time of the escalation of the war in Ukraine in February 2022, Asma’s case was still pending and R2P have been unable to contact the family since. 5. Common trends Common trends can be identified from the research across the five countries in terms of some of the main causes of the (risks of) statelessness experienced by children and young people, but the variety of backgrounds and situations of the affected children and families, as well as exacerbating or contributing factors, including for example in three cases, gendered abuse or persecution, highlight the need for response actors to take an intersectional approach to identifying and responding to statelessness and be alert to potential risks of statelessness in different profiles and circumstances. Exacerbating law, policy and practice gaps, one of the most common challenges faced by children and families to resolve their statelessness was their lack of documentary proof of family links, birth registration, or identity, and, in many cases across the different research countries, parents’ irregular residence or protection status in the country impacted on a child’s ability to resolve their statelessness. In all cases, complex legal casework and support coordinated by expert lawyers