Table of contents 1. International standards on deprivation of nationality 3 2. Arbitrary exile and deprivation of nationality of human rights defenders and opponents of the regime 4 3. Civil death: impacts of statelessness on the enjoyment of rights 7 3.1 Erasure of public identity records 8 3.2 Confiscation of assets and property 9 3.3 Cancellation of retirement pensions and denial of health care 10 3.4 Permanent suspension from professional practice and inability to access justice 10 4. Protection of persons who have become stateless 4.1 Individuals outside Nicaragua 4.2 Individuals who remain in Nicaragua 12 12 14 5. Recommendations 15