• stateless as a child is generally the Such measures also do not fall within the an.thesis to the best interests of the limited set of circumstances permiUng the child”;53 depriva.on of na.onality. Besides issues The prohibi.on of deriva.ve loss of related to na.onal security, the grounds that na.onality.54 remain most relevant regarding the depriva.on of na.onality today are those E) Proxy measures55 rela.ng to fraud or misrepresenta.on in the States must not use powers to deprive acquisi.on of na.onality.56 The Human Rights na.onality for other stated purposes, Commitee has stated that “loss or including fraud, with the ulterior purpose of depriva.on of na.onality can only be depriving na.onality as a na.onal security jus.fied where the fraud or measure. Depriva.on of na.onality for misrepresenta.on was perpetrated for the ulterior mo.ves – or as the means to an end purpose of acquiring na.onality and was without the necessary due process and not material to its acquisi.on”.57 related to inten.onal fraudulent acts to the acquisi.on of that na.onality – does not Measures that cause de facto depriva.on of meet the high standards set out by na.onality, such as restric.ng a person’s interna.onal law on due process ability to leave or enter their country of requirements and arbitrariness more broadly. na.onality or limi.ng access to travel Children of Nubian Descent in Kenya v Kenya (2011), Communica.on no. 002/Com/002/2009, African Commitee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC) (22 March 2011) para. 46 <htps://www.refworld.org/ cases,ACERWC,4f5f04492.html> 53 54 Principles, Principle 9.8, see also Art. 8 of the CRC; Art. 9(1) of CEDAW. 55 Ibid., Principle 10. 56 See Tunis Conclusions (n.32) para. 69, sta.ng that provisions rela.ng to loyalty and allegiance to the state have “been largely superseded by later developments in domes.c na.onality laws”. 57 UN Human Rights Council, ‘Human rights and arbitrary depriva.on of na.onality: Report of the Secretary General’, A/HRC/25/28, para. 10. 31 | Arbitrary Revoca.on of Na.onality in Bahrain - a Tool of Oppression