BUILDING STATELESSNESS-SENSITIVE ID SYSTEMS 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Inclusive and trusted identification (ID) systems are a cornerstone of sustainable development and digital transformation. Yet for millions of stateless people and those at risk of statelessness, lack of recognized nationality or proof of identity remains a barrier to accessing services, exercising rights, and participating fully in social and economic life. This publication is intended to provide policymakers and practitioners (including government officials, international organizations, civil society, and World Bank Group task teams) with resources and practices that support the planning, design, and implementation of statelessness-sensitive foundational identification systems, i.e., systems that take stateless people and their situation into account. It highlights risks and opportunities to such people presented by the rapid modernization of identification systems, including adoption of new forms of digital ID as part of Digital DPI. It outlines considerations and recommendations intended to help ensure that stateless people are not left behind and instead benefit from advances in ID and DPI, consistent with the World Bank Group���s strategic goals of ending extreme poverty and increasing shared prosperity. Drawing on global consultations co-convened by ID4D and UNHCR, the publication synthesizes lessons from country experiences and emerging good practices to help ensure ID system design and delivery leave no one behind. Purpose and Approach The publication provides an operational framework for integrating statelessness-sensitive measures throughout the ID system lifecycle—from legal and institutional assessment to system architecture, data management, outreach, and grievance redress.