Footnotes 1 League of Arab States, Arab Declaration on Belonging and Legal Identity (28 February 2018). 2 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), The Right to Asylum between Islamic Shari’ah and International Refugee Law: A Comparative Study, June 2009, available at: https://www. refworld.org/docid/4a549f9f2.html (accessed 5 February 2019). 3 Particularly relevant are Art. 2 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Art. 2 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and Art. 2 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). 4 Stipulated in Art 6. of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Art 16 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Art 7 and 8 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Arab Charter on Human Rights, and the Sharjah Principles on the Protection of Refugee Children. Relevant are also Principle 20 of the United Nations Guiding Principles on International Displacement, and Goal 16.9 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), “legal identity for all, including birth registration”. 5 Ivan Shearer and Brian Opeskin, ‘Nationality and Statelessness’ in Brian Opeskin, Richard Perruchoud, and Jillyanne Redpath-Cross (eds.) Foundations of International Migration Law (Cambridge University Press, 2012), 93. 6 7 8 Nottebohm Case (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala), [1955] ICJ Rep. 4, 23. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), GA Res 217A (III), UN Doc A/810 (10 December 1948), art 15. Alice Edwards for UNHCR, ‘Displacement, Statelessness and Questions of Gender Equality under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women’ PPLAS/2009/02 August 2009, 37-8. 9 Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 27., CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9, (November 1999) para 20. 10 See, for example the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), opened for signature 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171 (entered into force 23 March 1976), Art 25. 11 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), opened for signature 20 Nov 1989, 1577 UNTS 3 (entered into force 2 November 1990). 12 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), opened for signature 21 December 1965, 660UNTS 195 (entered into force 4 January 1969). 13 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), opened for signature 18 December 1979, 1249 UNTS 13 (entered into force 3 September 1981). 14 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CPRD), opened for signature 24 January 2007, 2515 UNTS 3 (entered into force 3 May 2008). 55