all of the relevant circumstances; and vi. the impact of the conduct on State X. vii. Whether the misconduct at issue can be adequately addressed through criminal penalties, without also imposing the withdrawal of nationality. Formulation B 3. At the discretion of the State and after judicial review by a competent tribunal, a person may be deprived of nationality by a competent authority where: (a) In the last five years, they have acquired nationality as a result of fraud, meaning an intentional misrepresentation of material facts, including the use of adulterated or fraudulently obtained documents, or the provision of false facts or particulars; (b) To uphold due process and prevent against erroneous or arbitrary deprivations of nationality, persons subject to the potential deprivation of their nationality under Section 1(a) will be afforded an opportunity to be heard before a competent authority prior to withdrawal of nationality being made final and effective. In coming to a decision, the competent authority must take into account the following factors: viii. whether or not the perpetrator of the fraud has another nationality; ix. the severity of the fraud; x. the time that has passed since the fraud; xi. the strength of the link of the person in question with State X, including; birth on the territory, length of residence, family ties, economic activity, and linguistic and cultural integration; xii. the consequences of the deprivation of nationality for the perpetrator of fraud and members of their family, taking into account all of the relevant circumstances; and 40