and responsibilities as South African citizens except for political rights, e.g., to vote or run for public office. Permanent residence is also not as “permanent” as citizenship and can be withdrawn. However, one can eventually apply for citizenship by naturalization under Sec 5 of SACA after living in the country on a permanent resident permit for a prescribed number of years. Unlike an asylum seeker, visa or a refugee certificate - a permanent residence permit does not need to be renewed. 30 |