lead to further violence and unrest in the camp, increase child labouring along with heightened risks of human trafficking.44 44. Moreover, health facilities in the refugee camps are limited to primary treatments. No medical treatment for secondary or tertiary medical conditions including surgeries and diseases. Many refugees are even suffering to diagnose their medical condition due to the lack of screening tools and equipment at the health centres available in the refugee camps. 45. There are no durable solutions to the protracted refugee situation. The human rights situation in Myanmar is not currently conducive to safe and voluntary repatriations. There is no legal framework in Bangladesh that enables them to regularise their legal status, work in the formal sector or enjoy other basic rights. Issue III – Access to Birth Registration and Challenges to Digitalisation 46. In Bangladesh, birth registration is a fundamental right that is guaranteed under the Constitution and the 2004 Registration of Births and Deaths Act. 45 Despite this, a significant proportion of children in Bangladesh are still not registered at birth, which can lead to increased risks of statelessness, and have serious consequences for their access health, education, and future prospects. 47. According to UNICEF, Bangladesh has made significant progress in increasing the rate of birth registration in recent years. In 2019, the rate of birth registration was 63%, up from 10% in 2000. 46 However, this still means that over one-third of children born in Bangladesh are not registered at birth, and the rate varies significantly across different regions and socio-economic groups. Children from disadvantaged households, rural areas, and minority communities are less likely to be registered at birth, which can lead to discrimination and exclusion from basic services such as healthcare, education, and social protection. According to UNICEF, as of 2021, only 43% of births in Bangladesh are registered within the first five years of life. 47 The main barriers to birth registration include lack of awareness, distance to registration centres, poverty, and cultural and social norms. 48. Birth registration in Bangladesh is a significant issue, particularly for the Urdu-speaking community. Structural discrimination and marginalisation, which can result in limited access to services, including birth registration. This is exacerbated by issues such as poverty, lack of documentation, and a lack of legal identity, which can make it difficult for families to access the registration process. The lack of awareness of the importance to register children at birth among the Urdu-speaking community results from language barriers. As a result, many families may not understand the importance of birth registration or how to go about registering their child. Another challenge faced by 44 https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2023/02/bangladesh-un-experts-appeal-immediate-funding-avert-food-rationcuts 45 Births and Death Registration Act, Bangladesh National Parliament, 2004, D A-1. 46 Please note that according to the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the birth registration rate in Bangladesh was 44.8% in 2019. Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics 2019 (BGD-BBS-SVRS-2019-v01), (October 2019); and Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Statistics and Informatics Division (SID), Ministry of Planning. 47 UNICEF, ‘Country Office Annual Report 2021. Bangladesh’, available at: https://www.unicef.org/reports/country-regionaldivisional-annual-reports-2021/Bangladesh. 10