CITIZENSHIP AND STATELESSNESS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA \Y Methodology and acknowledgments This report is proposed countries it covers. as the foundation for further study of the risks of statelessness in the four It is based on desk research and the author’s previous experience of researching access to citizenship in African states, as well as interviews with government officials, UN agencies, and non-governmental organisations in each country. It provides an analysis of the laws in force in the states and territories under considerations, as well as implementing regulations where available, and other official policy statements. The regional and national offices of UNHCR also supplied important information and commentary. The final draft report was circulated to the competent authorities in each state for their feedback, and these comments have been integrated before publication. The report aims to be up to date until the end of June 2021. The tables comparing provisions of national citizenship laws included throughout the report inevitably involve simplification of complex provisions, and neither these nor the text describing them should be relied upon for a definitive interpretation of the law. Those wishing to understand particular provisions should rather refer to the original texts and seek legal advice in the country concerned. This report may be quoted, cited, and uploaded to other websites, provided that the source is acknowledged. The views expressed and any errors and omissions are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the official view of UNHCR. Thanks for comments e and contributions are due to: Benedicte Voos, Senior Protection Officer (Statelessness) and Lynette Lagat, Protection Associate (Statelessness) - UNHCR Regional Bureau for East Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes Getachew Gebo Geto — National Statelessness Focal Point, INVEA, Ethiopia Abdikani Wehlie — Head of Civil Registration & National Statelessness Focal Point, Somalia Laura de Somer & Samia Abdoulkarim Abdallah — UNHCR Djibouti Soufiane Adjali & Suleiman Ahmedin -UNHCR Eritrea Guelnoudji Ndjekounkosse, Kimenyi Buzoya, Katie Ogwang & Anna Koptsiukh - UNHCR Somalia Armen Yedgaryan & Mohamed Abdi Bakal — UNHCR Sub Office, Hargeisa, Somalia Henok Yilma & Ota Hlinomaz — UNHCR Ethiopia Kamal Nidam Adan — UNICEF Hargeisa, Somalia Brendan Ross — UNICEF Somalia Dekha David - UNICEF Djibouti Nikodimos Alemayehu — UNICEF Ethiopia Anna Zita Metz, Asta Bareisaite & David Satola — Identification for Development, World Bank Amin Abdi Mohamed — SWDC, Somalia Burhan Abdullah Shiil — Puntland Minority Women’s Development Organisation, Somalia lbrahima Hassan - Minority/Marginalised Communities Advocacy Network, Somalia Khadar Mohamed Ahmed — Hargeisa University Legal Clinic, Somaliland Ambrose King — Ethiopian World Federation, Ethiopia Claire Thomas — Minority Rights Group Derek Nurse — Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada Daniel van Lehman — Portland State University, United States of America Ibrahim Hashi Jama — manager of the website Somalilandlaw.com ii UNHCR — December 2021