and 2018, 36 which have been closed on the merits. Cissna did not mention the number of cases slated for criminal prosecution, or any corresponding results. The Justice Initiative identified 102 criminal cases, in which 53 have been closed on the merits. No information on prioritization of cases for review is publicly available and Freedom of Information Act requests have not succeeded in obtaining such information. Based on the review of cases conducted for this report, many of the “Affidavits of Good Cause” that must be submitted in civil denaturalization proceedings were submitted by officers of Immigration Services based in Los Angeles, usually far from the district in which the defendant was charged. Where We Are Now Operations Janus and Second Look mark a significant departure from past practice in two key respects. First, the denaturalizations stemming from these initiatives—at least one third of all cases filed in 2017 and 2018—are now officially couched as general immigration enforcement actions within a broader crackdown laced with nationalistic invective. This leaves a much wider subset of the U.S. naturalized population suddenly vulnerable to what were once measures reserved only for war criminals.297 Second, the tactics employed by the government in identifying targets for potential denaturalization and proving fraud or illegal procurement illustrate the ever-increasing state capacity to use digital records in its enforcement operations. Denaturalization under the Trump Administration: Derailing Lives, Wasting Resources “We are concerned with only one man, William Schneiderman. Actually, though indirectly, the decision affects millions. If, seventeen years after a federal court adjudged him entitled to be a citizen, that judgment can be nullified and he can be stripped of his most precious right, by nothing more than re-examination upon the merits of the very facts the judgment established, no naturalized person’s citizenship is or can be secure.” -Justice Wiley Rutledge, Schneiderman v. United States (concurring opinion, 1943)298 Donald Trump opened his presidential campaign with racist invective against Mexican immigrants.299 From that day onward, his campaign was marked by frequent attacks on immigrants and promises to reduce or eliminate immigration, and to prosecute “illegal” immigrants, presumably including naturalized U.S. citizens. Since taking office, he has acted on those nativist promises. The Trump administration’s pursuit of denaturalization has wasted 70 UNMAKING AMERICANS