19 plex statelessness and civil documentation cases. These efforts often involve coordination across Beneficiaries to gather evidence, facilitate access to procedures, and engage with public authorities in pursuit of durable solutions. While such cooperation has proven both practical and impactful in individual cases, it remains reliant on limited project-based resources, and cannot replace institutionalised, officially mandated cooperation. Civil society organisations can also face practical constraints when supporting individuals living outside their place of origin, particularly in cases requiring court proceedings or in-person registration in municipalities far from where the individual currently resides. Moving forwards, it will be important for authorities in the region, supported by regional institutions, international organisations, and civil society, to give practical effect to their regional commitments by working together to develop regional approaches to address cross-border issues as a critical component of ending statelessness in the Western Balkans. Action areas Central Level Authorities • Implement and adequately resource comprehensive strategies to prevent and reduce statelessness, with specific focus on access to birth and civil registration, documentation, and legal identity for Roma and other marginalised communities. • Ensure that all Beneficiaries adopt and implement accessible statelessness determination procedures (SDPs) with procedural safeguards and access to residence and 1954 Convention rights as a consequence of being determined to be stateless in line with international norms and good practice. • Introduce effective cross-border inter-institutional cooperation mechanisms to resolve complex cases of statelessness or where individuals lack civil documentation, including through consular engagement and information-sharing. • Collect and publish accurate, disaggregated data on statelessness and populations at risk in collaboration with civil society and international organisations, in line with international standards. • Ensure full implementation of international and regional commitments on statelessness and civil documentation, including those under the Poznan Declaration and relevant human rights treaties. • Engage actively with international and regional initiatives such as the Global Compacts and Global Alliance to End Statelessness to strengthen cooperation, share good practices, and mobilise resources, including by joining the Alliance and becoming Solution Seeker States. Parliaments • Review, monitor, and, where necessary, amend laws on civil registration, identity documents, citizenship, and related procedures to align with international standards, including the 1954 and 1961 Statelessness Conventions, 1989 Child Rights Convention, and other relevant human rights norms and good practices. • Ensure legal safeguards to prevent childhood statelessness are comprehensive, in line with international norms, and apply to every child on the territory regardless of their migration or residence status or the status or identity of the parents. • Introduce or improve mechanisms for citizenship verification to resolve cases of undetermined or disputed citizenship, in line with UNHCR guidance. • Introduce or strengthen legal provisions for statelessness determination procedures (SDPs) within legislative frameworks to address statelessness in migratory contexts. • Monitor the implementation of strategic plans and legislative reforms relevant to statelessness, Roma inclusion, and access to legal identity, including through parliamentary oversight mechanisms and public reporting.