QUICK GUIDE 2 - QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE DATA QUICK GUIDE 2 - QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE DATA Features and advantages of each method Before starting a primary data collection exercise, it is recommended that a “desk review” takes place to assess the current situation and state of knowledge in relation to statelessness in a given context (see Quick Guide 1 for more information). Once specific information gaps have been identified, the next step is to consider undertaking primary data collection in order to fill these gaps. Both qualitative and quantitative methods may be considered for primary data collection. The key differences, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of these qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, especially when it comes to stateless or at-risk populations, are highlighted in the table below. Qualitative data collection Quantitative data collection FEATURES OF THIS METHOD • Qualitative data collection methods mostly use words and result in findings based on the perspectives of the research subjects. • Qualitative data examines the substance of a problem and its impact with a focus on the causal links and dynamics of a phenomenon or system as well as the subjective experiences and motivations of the research subjects. • • Quantitative data collection methods are used with a view to generalise findings to a population, to test statistical hypothesis on effects and impacts, and to estimate population sizes and other parameters. Quantitative research is structured by measurable concepts, indicators and variables that can be used for a descriptive and inferential analysis of the population of concern. Examples of data sources • 12 Key informant interviews, semistructured individual interviews, focus group discussions, participatory assessments and life histories. • Censuses, surveys and administrative data. U N H C R > R E S E A R C H I N G S TAT E L E S S N E S S - Q U I C K G U I D E S Qualitative data collection Quantitative data collection Advantages of this method, especially in relation to stateless and at-risk populations • Can be used to understand complex phenomena using in-depth analysis by looking at the causes and consequences of the problem, for select research units or groups. • Seeks comprehensive knowledge of the problem and its impact. • Normally less costly to undertake than quantitative data collection. • May produce compelling personal and narrative findings. • Sample surveys will in most cases result in findings that can be generalised to a wider population. • Censuses yield results for the total population and can produce the most accurate estimations of geographically small areas without sampling errors. • Particularly well-suited to population size estimation, programme and project evaluation, impact studies, and socio-economic assessments. • Useful for planning, advocacy, reporting and resource allocation since the findings can be extrapolated to the population of interest. Disadvantages of this method, especially in relation to stateless and at-risk populations • Findings cannot be generalised to a group or population beyond the research subjects. Results are therefore generally not representative. • It can be difficult to prevent or detect researcher induced bias. • Scope may be limited due to the in-depth, comprehensive data gathering required. U N H C R > R E S E A R C H I N G S TAT E L E S S N E S S - Q U I C K G U I D E S • Tends to provide numerical results rather than detailed narrative. • Dynamics and causal pathways often get lost since quantitative data collection tends to be broad and high level as opposed to focused and deep. • Tends to be more costly due to the high level of human, logistical and financial resources needed to obtain sample sizes that allow for generalisation of findings with sufficient statistical precision. 13