ENDNOTES 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 336 The Constitution of Tuvalu Bill 2022, Part 1, s 2(5)b. Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined second to fifth periodic reports of Tuvalu, 31 March 2020, CRC/C/TUV/CO/2-5, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/concluding-observations/crcctuvco25-committee-rights-child-concluding-observations Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined second to fifth periodic reports of Tuvalu, 31 March 2020, CRC/C/TUV/CO/2-5, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/concluding-observations/crcctuvco25-committee-rights-child-concluding-observations Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined second to fifth periodic reports of Tuvalu, 31 March 2020, CRC/C/TUV/CO/2-5, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/concluding-observations/crcctuvco25-committee-rights-child-concluding-observations Human Rights Council Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, National report submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolutions 5/1 and 16/21, 2 November 2023, A/HRC/WG.6/44/TUV/1, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/ en/hr-bodies/upr/tv-index. UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, p. 3, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b38f0.html. “Statelessness and Climate Change” (UNHCR, October 2021), https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/617c01da4.pdf. The Constitution of Tuvalu Bill 2022, Part 4, s 46(3). The Constitution of Tuvalu Bill 2022, Part 4, s 44(2). Citizenship Act (2008) s 7(6) (Tuvalu). Citizenship Act (2008) s 7(6) (Tuvalu). Citizenship Act (2008) s 4 (Tuvalu) UN Statistics Division, Coverage of Birth and Death Registration’ (February 2021) <https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic-social/crvs/> Kristen Anderson et al., “Situation Analysis of Children in Tuvalu” (UNICEF, December 2017), https://www.unicef.org/ pacificislands/media/1266/file/Situation-Analysis-of-Children-Tuvalu.pdf. Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act (2008), Part 2, s 10 (Tuvalu). Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act (2008), Part 2, s 13 (Tuvalu). See e.g., Elanor Ainge Roy, ‘“One Day We’ll Disappear”: Tuvalu’s Sinking Islands’, The Guardian (16 may 2019) <https://www. theguardian.com/global-development/2019/may/16/one-day-disappear-tuvalu-sinking-islands-rising-seas-climate-change>; Jonathan Simon and Heather Alexander, ‘No Port, No Passport: Why Submerged States Can Have No Nationals’ (2017) 26(2) Washington International law Journal 307; Jan McAdam, Climate Change, Forced Migration and International Law (Oxford University Press, 2012); Jane McAdam et al, International Law and Sea-Level Rise: Forced Migration and Human Rights’ (FNI Report 1/2016, Fridtjof Nansen Institute and the Kaldor Centre for International refugee Law); UNHCR, SFS and IMO, ‘A Toolbox: Planning Relocations to Protect People from Climate and Environmental Change’ (Report, 2017); Barbara Buckinx, Matt Edbrooke and Rana Ibrahem, ‘Self-Determination and Sea-Level Rise’ (Policy Paper, Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, April 2021); Jenny Grote Stoutenburg, ‘When Do States Disappear?’ in Michael B Gerrard and Gregory E Wannier (eds), Threatened Island Nations: Legal Implication of Rising Seas and a Changing Climate (Cambridge University Press, 2013); Maxine A Burkett, ‘The Nation Ex-Situ’ in Michael B Gerrard and Gregory E Wannier (eds), Threatened Island Nations: Legal Implication of Rising Seas and a Changing Climate (Cambridge University Press, 2013); Jennifer Saxon, ‘Disappearing States, Rising Statelessness: The Twin Crises Just Around the Corner’, RLI Blog (Online, 14 December 2020) <https://rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2020/12/14/disappearing-states-rising-statelessness-the-twin-crises-just-around-the-corner/>. Citizenship Act (2008) s 7(6) (Tuvalu). Citizenship Act (2008) s 7(6) (Tuvalu). Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980); Citizenship (Amendment) Act No. 40 of (2014) (Vanuatu). Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980) Chapter 3. Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980) Chapter 3, Article 11. Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980) Chapter 3, Article 9(b). “Vanuatu Fact Sheet: Overview of Citizenship and Statelessness” (UNHCR, December 28, 2020). Citizenship (Amendment) Act No. 40 of (2014) (Vanuatu). Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980) Chapter 3, Article 12. Citizenship (Amendment) Act No. 40 of (2014) (Vanuatu), Chapter 3, Article 12. Citizenship (Amendment) Act No. 40 of (2014) (Vanuatu), Chapter 3, Article 12(2). Citizenship (Amendment) Act No. 40 of (2014) (Vanuatu), Chapter 3, Article 12(2). Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980) Chapter 3, Article 12. “Vanuatu Fact Sheet: Overview of Citizenship and Statelessness.” Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980) Chapter 3, Article 13(1). Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980) Chapter 3, Article 13(3). Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980) Chapter 3, Article 13(4). UN General Assembly, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 18 December 1979, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, p. 13, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3970.html [accessed 30 May 2023] UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, p. 3, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b38f0.html. UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3aa0.html STATELESSNESS ENCYCLOPEDIA ASIA PACIFIC (DETAILED VERSION) ENDNOTES 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu (1980) Chapter 3, Article 13(3). Vanuatu National Statistics Office, '2020 National Population and Housing Census' (17 November 2021) 68 Table. 3.11: Non-Vanuatu Citizens Living in Private Households by Sex and Region of Citizenship <https://vnso.gov.vu/images/Pictures/ Census/2020_census/Census_Volume_1/2020NPHC_Volume_1.pdf>. UN Statistics Division, Coverage of Birth and Death Registration’ (February 2021) <https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic-social/crvs/> UN Statistics Division, Coverage of Birth and Death Registration’ (February 2021) <https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic-social/crvs/> “Good Practices Paper - Action 7: Ensuring Birth Registration for the Prevention of Statelessness” (UNHCR, 2017), https:// www.unhcr.org/ke/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/11/Good-Practices-Paper-on-Ensuring-Birth-Registration-for-thePrevention-of-Statelessness.pdf. Law on Citizenship of the Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan (2000) s 9; Bhutan Citizenship Act (1985) s 2. Law on Citizenship of the Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan (2000) s 10. The Citizenship Act (1995) s 3 (India). The Citizenship Act (1995) s 4 (India). Citizenship Act (1948) s 5(1) (Sri Lanka). Citizenship Act (1948) s 5(2) (Sri Lanka). “‘New Citizenship Law Needs to Be Improved,’” The Himalayan Times, June 26, 2023, https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/ new-citizenship-law-needs-to-be-improved. See UN Hight Commissioner for Human Rights, ‘Application for Intervention in Mukharji v Union of India’ (2020); Abhinav Chadrechud, ‘Secularism and the Citizenship Amendment Act’ (2020) 4(2) Indian Law Review 138; Michelle Foster and Adil Hasan Khan, ‘Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019 and International Law’ (Briefing Note, 1 April 2021); ‘Citizenship Amendment Bill: India’s New “Anti-Muslim” Law Explained’ BBC (Online, 11 December 2019) <https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-asia-india-50670393>; Human Rights Watch (n 137). See Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, ‘Concluding Observations on the Sixth Periodic Report of Maldives’ UN Doc CEDAW/C/MDV/CO/6 (23 November 2021) [35]-[36]. See Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, ‘Concluding Observations on the Sixth Periodic Report of Maldives’ UN Doc CEDAW/C/MDV/CO/6 (23 November 2021) [35]-[36]. Constitution of the Republic of Maldives (2008) s 9. Maldivian Citizenship Act (1995) s 2. See UN Hight Commissioner for Human Rights, ‘Application for Intervention in Mukharji v Union of India’ (2020); Abhinav Chadrechud, ‘Secularism and the Citizenship Amendment Act’ (2020) 4(2) Indian Law Review 138; Michelle Foster and Adil Hasan Khan, ‘Citizenship (Amendment) Act 2019 and International Law’ (Briefing Note, 1 April 2021); ‘Citizenship Amendment Bill: India’s New “Anti-Muslim” Law Explained’ BBC (Online, 11 December 2019) <https://www.bbc.com/news/ world-asia-india-50670393>; Human Rights Watch (n 137). See Meenakshi Ganguly, ‘Nepal President Blocks Citizenship Law’, Human Rights Watch (26 September 2022) <https://www. hrw.org/news/2022/09/26/nepal-president-blocks-citizenship-law>; Tika R Pradhan and Purushottam Poudel, ‘President Rejects Citizenship Bill, Tramples on the Constitution’, Kathmandu Post (21 September 2022) <https://kathmandupost.com/ national/2022/09/21/president-rejects-citizenship-bill-tramples-on-the-constitution>. Constitution of Nepal (2015) Part 2, s 11(5). “‘New Citizenship Law Needs to Be Improved.’” The Citizenship Act (1951) s 4 (Bangladesh). The Citizenship Act (1951) s 5 (Bangladesh). The Pakistan Citizenship Act (1951) s 4. Aqeel Afzal, “Child Born in Pakistan Has Right to Citizenship, Observes SC,” The Express Tribune, February 21, 2023, https:// tribune.com.pk/story/2402440/child-born-in-pakistan-has-right-to-citizenship-observes-sc. “Hearing Plea by Afghan Refugee, Islamabad Court Says Every Pakistan-Born Child Has Citizenship Right,” Arab News Pakistan, October 20, 2022, https://arab.news/cjg8u. The Pakistan Citizenship Act (1951) s 5. The Citizenship Act (1951) s 10 (Bangladesh); The Pakistan Citizenship Act (1951) s 10; Constitution of Nepal (2015) s 11. UN General Assembly, Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 28 September 1954, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 360, p. 117, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3840.html Law on Citizenship of the Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan (2000) s 15. The Citizenship Act (1951) s 9 (Bangladesh). Bhutan Citizenship Act (1985) s 4. Naturalization Act (1926) s 3 (Pakistan). Maldivian Citizenship Act (1995) s 2. Bhutan Citizenship Act (1985) s 4. Nepal Citizenship Act (2006) s 5; The Citizenship Act (1955), s 6 (India). Citizenship Act (1948) s 11-13 (Sri Lanka). The Citizenship Act (1951) s 10(2) (Bangladesh). Ridwanul Hoque, “Report on Citizenship Law: Bangladesh,” December 2016, https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/ handle/1814/44545/EudoCit_2016_14Bangladesh.pdf. The Citizenship Amendment Act (2019) s 6 (India). UN General Assembly, Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons, 28 September 1954, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 360, p. 117, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3840.html REPORT 2024 337