ENDNOTES 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 328 UNICEF, 'Child Protection Case Study: Partnerships Promoting High Birth Registration in Kiribati' (UNICEF’s Child Protection Programme), 6, <www.unicef.org/pacificislands/media/991/file/Case-Study-Kiribati.pdf> Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined second to fourth periodic reports of Kiribati, 12 September 2022, CRC/C/KIR/CO/2-4, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/ Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FKIR%2FCO%2F2-4&Lang=en See e.g., Jonathan Simon and Heather Alexander, ‘No Port, No Passport: Why Submerged States Can Have No Nationals’ (2017) 26(2) Washington International law Journal 307; Jan McAdam, Climate Change, Forced Migration and International Law (Oxford University Press, 2012); Jane McAdam et al, International Law and Sea-Level Rise: Forced Migration and Human Rights’ (FNI Report 1/2016, Fridtjof Nansen Institute and the Kaldor Centre for International refugee Law); UNHCR, SFS and IMO, ‘A Toolbox: Planning Relocations to Protect People from Climate and Environmental Change’ (Report, 2017); Barbara Buckinx, Matt Edbrooke and Rana Ibrahem, ‘Self-Determination and Sea-Level Rise’ (Policy Paper, Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, April 2021); Jenny Grote Stoutenburg, ‘When Do States Disappear?’ in Michael B Gerrard and Gregory E Wannier (eds), Threatened Island Nations: Legal Implication of Rising Seas and a Changing Climate (Cambridge University Press, 2013); Maxine A Burkett, ‘The Nation Ex-Situ’ in Michael B Gerrard and Gregory E Wannier (eds), Threatened Island Nations: Legal Implication of Rising Seas and a Changing Climate (Cambridge University Press, 2013); Jennifer Saxon, ‘Disappearing States, Rising Statelessness: The Twin Crises Just Around the Corner’, RLI Blog (Online, 14 December 2020) <https://rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2020/12/14/disappearing-states-rising-statelessness-the-twin-crises-just-around-the-corner/>. “Kiribati: Overview of Citizenship and Statelessness.” See Jane McAdam, ‘Self-determination and Self-governance for Communities Relocated across International Borders: The Quest for Banaban Independence’ (2017) 24 International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 428; Gil Marvel P Tabucanon, ‘Social and Cultural Protection for Environmentally Displaced Populations: Banaban Minority Rights in Fiji’ (2014) 21 International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 25. See further Buckinx, Edbrooke and Ibrahem (n 202) 5–7. Marshall Islands Constitution (1979) article XI(1)(2) Marshall Islands Constitution (1979) article XI(1)(2)(b). Marshall Islands Constitution (1979) art XI(1)(2)(a). Citizenship Act (1984) s 403(2). Citizenship Act (1984) s 403(2)b. Citizenship Act (1984) s 405. Citizenship Act (1984) s 411. Citizenship Act (1984) s 403(2)(i). Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined third and fourth periodic reports of the Marshall Islands, 27 February 2018, CRC/C/MHL/CO/3-4, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/ treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FMHL%2FCO%2F3-4&Lang=en Human Rights Council, Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, 22 December 2020, A/HRC/46/14, https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/upr/mh-index UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of the Child, 20 November 1989, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, p. 3, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b38f0.html. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Concluding observations on the combined initial to third periodic reports of the Marshall Islands, 14 March 2018, CEDAW/C/MHL/CO/1-3, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/ documents/concluding-observations/cedawcmhlco1-3-concluding-observations-combined-initial-third Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Concluding observations on the combined initial to third periodic reports of the Marshall Islands, 14 March 2018, CEDAW/C/MHL/CO/1-3, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/ documents/concluding-observations/cedawcmhlco1-3-concluding-observations-combined-initial-third Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Information received from the Marshall Islands on followup to the concluding observations on its combined initial to third periodic reports, 17 March 2021, CEDAW/C/MHL/FCO/13. Kathy Jetñil-Kijiner and Hilda Heine, ‘Displacement and Out-Migration: The Marshall Islands Experience’ The Wilson Centre (30 September 2020) <https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/displacement-and-out-migration-marshall-islands-experience>; Ibid; Susanne Rust, ‘They Came Here After the U.S. Irradiated their Islands. Now they Face an Uncertain Future’, Los Angeles Times (31 December 2019) < https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-12-31/marshall-islands-uncertain-futureus-marshallese-spokane>. UNHCR, ‘Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2021’ (June 2022) Annex, Table 13. Marshall Islands Constitution (1979) art XI(1)(2)(b). “Data Warehouse,” UNICEF DATA, accessed November 7, 2023, https://data.unicef.org/resources/data_explorer/unicef_f/. Pacific Community and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 2021, 'Civil registration and vital statistics in the Republic of the Marshall Islands,’ 3, <https://sdd.spc.int/digital_library/civil-registration-and-vital-statistics-marshall-islands> Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined third and fourth periodic reports of the Marshall Islands, 27 February 2018, CRC/C/MHL/CO/3-4, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/ treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FMHL%2FCO%2F3-4&Lang=en Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined third and fourth periodic reports of the Marshall Islands, 27 February 2018, CRC/C/MHL/CO/3-4, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/ treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FMHL%2FCO%2F3-4&Lang=en “Young Women’s Empowerment and Teenage Pregnancy in the Pacific” (United Nations Population Fund, October 2013), https://pacific.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/UNFPASWOPPacificSupplementIamNotaLostCauseLR5final_0.pdf. STATELESSNESS ENCYCLOPEDIA ASIA PACIFIC (DETAILED VERSION) ENDNOTES 1590 1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 See e.g., Jonathan Simon and Heather Alexander, ‘No Port, No Passport: Why Submerged States Can Have No Nationals’ (2017) 26(2) Washington International law Journal 307; Jan McAdam, Climate Change, Forced Migration and International Law (Oxford University Press, 2012); Jane McAdam et al, International Law and Sea-Level Rise: Forced Migration and Human Rights’ (FNI Report 1/2016, Fridtjof Nansen Institute and the Kaldor Centre for International refugee Law); UNHCR, SFS and IMO, ‘A Toolbox: Planning Relocations to Protect People from Climate and Environmental Change’ (Report, 2017); Jenny Grote Stoutenburg, ‘When Do States Disappear?’ in Michael B Gerrard and Gregory E Wannier (eds), Threatened Island Nations: Legal Implication of Rising Seas and a Changing Climate (Cambridge University Press, 2013); Maxine A Burkett, ‘The Nation Ex-Situ’ in Michael B Gerrard and Gregory E Wannier (eds), Threatened Island Nations: Legal Implication of Rising Seas and a Changing Climate (Cambridge University Press, 2013); Jennifer Saxon, ‘Disappearing States, Rising Statelessness: The Twin Crises Just Around the Corner’, RLI Blog (Online, 14 December 2020) <https://rli.blogs.sas.ac.uk/2020/12/14/ disappearing-states-rising-statelessness-the-twin-crises-just-around-the-corner/>. See Barbara Buckinx, Matt Edbrooke and Rana Ibrahem, ‘Self-Determination and Sea-Level Rise’ (Policy Paper, Liechtenstein Institute on Self-Determination, April 2021). Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia (1978) (rev. 1990) art 3(2). Federated States of Micronesia Revised Code 2014 Title 7 Citizenship, s 101(2). Federated States of Micronesia Revised Code 2014 Title 7 Citizenship, s 102. Federated States of Micronesia Revised Code 2014 Title 7 Citizenship, s 102(3). Cassie Ordonio, “People of Federated States of Micronesia Can Now Claim Dual Citizenship in the US,” Hawai’i Public Radio, October 31, 2023, https://www.hawaiipublicradio.org/local-news/2023-10-31/people-of-federated-states-of-micronesiacan-now-claim-dual-citizenship-in-the-us. Constitution of the Federated States of Micronesia (1978) (rev. 1990) art 3(3); Citizenship and Naturalization (Amendment) Act PL19-91 (2016) s 1 (Micronesia); Federated States of Micronesia Revised Code 2014 Title 7 Citizenship, s 101(1). Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the second periodic report of the Federated States of Micronesia, 3 April 2020, CRC/C/FSM/CO/2, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/concluding-observations/ crccfsmco2-concluding-observations-second-periodic-report Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the second periodic report of the Federated States of Micronesia, 3 April 2020, CRC/C/FSM/CO/2, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/concluding-observations/ crccfsmco2-concluding-observations-second-periodic-report Committee on the Rights of the Child, ‘Concluding Observations on the Second Periodic Report of the Federated States of Micronesia’ UN Doc CRC/C/FSM/CO/2 (3 April 2020) [31]. ‘Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Palau’, US Citizenship and Immigration Services <https://www.uscis.gov/i-9-central/complete-correct-form-i-9/federated-states-of-micronesia-republic-of-the-marshallislands-and-palau> . Kathy Jetñil-Kijiner and Hilda Heine, ‘Displacement and Out-Migration: The Marshall Islands Experience’ The Wilson Centre (30 September 2020) <https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/displacement-and-out-migration-marshall-islands-experience>; Susanne Rust, ‘They Came Here After the U.S. Irradiated their Islands. Now they Face an Uncertain Future’, Los Angeles Times (31 December 2019) < https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-12-31/marshall-islands-uncertain-futureus-marshallese-spokane>. Federated States of Micronesia Revised Code 2014 Title 7 Citizenship, s 103(5). Committee on the Rights of the Child, List of issues in relation to the second periodic report of the Federated States of Micronesia, 2 July 2019, CRC/C/FSM/Q/2. “CIVIL REGISTRATION AND VITAL STATISTICS IN FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA” (Pacific Community, 2021), https://spccfpstore1.blob.core.windows.net/digitallibrary-docs/files/78/78b3f8f185baf2c0b1e29bb6f2f0c674. pdf?sv=2015-12-11&sr=b&sig=WUzO6qc07mnh1rwThNKdHPSjdkGSfQv1hL43ZTifIcU%3D& se=2024-04-03T21%3A36%3A24Z&sp=r&rscc=public%2C%20max-age%3D864000%2C%20maxstale%3D86400&rsct=application%2Fpdf&rscd=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22CRVS_FSM_2021.pdf%22. “CIVIL REGISTRATION AND VITAL STATISTICS IN FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA.” Committee on the Rights of the Child, List of issues in relation to the second periodic report of the Federated States of Micronesia, 2 July 2019, CRC/C/FSM/Q/2. Pacific Community and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 2021, 'Civil registration and vital statistics in Federated States of Micronesia,’ 4, <https://sdd.spc.int/digital_library/civil-registration-and-vital-statistics-federated-statesmicronesia> Pacific Community and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 2021, 'Civil registration and vital statistics in Federated States of Micronesia,’ 4, <https://sdd.spc.int/digital_library/civil-registration-and-vital-statistics-federated-statesmicronesia> Pacific Community and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 2021, 'Civil registration and vital statistics in Federated States of Micronesia,’ 4, <https://sdd.spc.int/digital_library/civil-registration-and-vital-statistics-federated-statesmicronesia> Pacific Community and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 2021, 'Civil registration and vital statistics in Federated States of Micronesia,’ 4, <https://sdd.spc.int/digital_library/civil-registration-and-vital-statistics-federated-statesmicronesia> See e.g., Jonathan Simon and Heather Alexander, ‘No Port, No Passport: Why Submerged States Can Have No Nationals’ (2017) 26(2) Washington International law Journal 307; Jan McAdam, Climate Change, Forced Migration and International Law (Oxford University Press, 2012); Jane McAdam et al, International Law and Sea-Level Rise: Forced Migration and Human Rights’ (FNI Report 1/2016, Fridtjof Nansen Institute and the Kaldor Centre for International refugee Law); UNHCR, SFS REPORT 2024 329