ENDNOTES 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 306 “Hong Kong’s Stateless Children Lost in Translation as Refugee Claims Soar.” Samantha A Vortherms, ‘China’s Missing Children: Political Barriers to Citizenship through the Household Registration System’ (2019) 238 The Chine Quarterly 309. Stephanie Gordon, ‘China’s Hidden Children’, The Diplomat (online, 12 March 2015) <https://thediplomat.com/2015/03/chinas-hidden-children/>; Coco Liu and Shanshan Chen, ‘Lost Lives: The Battle of China’s Invisible Children to Recover Missed Years’, Reuters (online, 14 December 2016) <https://www.reuters.com/article/ us-china-children-policy-idUSKBN1431CX>. Japan, Population Census 2020' Table50. Population by Sex and Nationality (Detailed groups) South Korea provides statistics on the citizenship of international migrants annually – see KOSIS, 'International Migration of foreigners by sex and citizenship' (2021). Previous Census’ have not made publicly available data on the stateless status of foreigners and have fundamentally undercounted the number of foreigners in Korea. See Mapping 56 E-Stat, ‘Statistics of Foreign Residents (Former Statistics of Registered Foreigners) December 2021 <https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/files?page=1&layout=datalist&toukei=00250012&tstat=000001018034&cycle= 1&year =20210&month=24101212&tclass1=000001060399> US Department of State, ‘Japan 2021: Human Rights Report’ (April 2022) 17. UNHCR, ‘Submission by the United Nations High Commission for Refugees for the Office of the High Commission for Human Rights’ Compilation Report-Universal Periodic Review: Mongolia’ (April 2014) 2. Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China (1980) s 6; Nationality Law No 147 (1950) s 2(3) (Japan); Nationality Law of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (2017) s 5(3); Nationality Act (2016) s 2(1)(3) (South Korea); Nationality Act (1929) (rev. 2021), Article 3 (Taiwan). Law of Mongolia on Citizenship (1955) s 7(5). Nationality Law No 147 (1950) s 2(3) (Japan); Law of Mongolia on Citizenship (1955) s 7(4); Nationality Law of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (2017) s 5(4); Nationality Act (2016) s 2(2) (South Korea); Nationality Act (1929) (rev. 2021), Article 3 (Taiwan). Huang Yujia and Ye Ruolin, ‘With Few Abandoned Babies, China’s Orphanages Stand Empty’, Sixth Tone (25 March 2021) <https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1007569/with-far-fewer-abandoned-babies%2C-chinas-orphanages-stand-empty>. Huang Yujia and Ye Ruolin, ‘With Few Abandoned Babies, China’s Orphanages Stand Empty’, Sixth Tone (25 March 2021) <https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1007569/with-far-fewer-abandoned-babies%2C-chinas-orphanages-stand-empty>. See also, Li Hui and Ben Blanchard, ‘China’s Unwanted Babies Once Mostly Girls, Now Mostly Sick, Disabled’, Reuters (3 February 2014. UN General Assembly, Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, 30 August 1961, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 989, p. 175, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b39620.html Lori Watt, “Statelessness in East Asia after World War II,” Stateless Histories, January 24, 2022, https://statelesshistories.org/ article/post-world-war-ii-east-asia-in-the-global-history-of-statelessness. Watt. Study Group on Statelessness in Japan, ‘Typology of Stateless Persons in Japan’ (Report, UNHCR 2017)137. Watt, “Statelessness in East Asia after World War II.” Watt. https://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=1682 See Min-Chul Hwang, ‘Exploring Marriage Migrants’ Citizenship Acquisition in South Korea’ (2015) 24(3) Asia and Pacific Migration Journal 376; Susan Kneebone, ‘Transnational Marriage Migrants and Nationality: The Case of South Korea and Taiwan’ (Conference Paper, International Academic Conference, November 2017); Hee-Kang Kim, ‘Marriage Migration between South Korea and Vietnam: A Gender Perspective’ (2012) 36(3) Asian Perspective 531; Hsiao-Chuan Hsia, ‘From “Social Problem” to “Social Assets”: Geopolitical, Discursive Shifts in Children of Southeast Asian Marriage Migrants, and Mother-Child Dyadic Citizenship in Taiwan’ [2021] Citizenship Studies 1. Te-Yuan Chien, ‘Differential Human Right of Migrant Spouses Based on Nationalities in Taiwan’ (2018) 19 Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 81. Jisen Zhang, “Interpreting ‘Settled Abroad’ in China’s Nationality Law: Theory, Practice, and Problems,” Columbia Library Journals 35 (n.d.): 268–344. See Jun-Hong Chen, ‘Marriage Immigrants in Taiwan’, HuRights Osaka (December 2017) <https://www.hurights.or.jp/ archives/focus/section3/2017/12/marriage-immigrants-in-taiwan.html> “Birth and Death Registration Completeness” (UN Statistics Division, April 2023), https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographicsocial/crvs/. “Data Warehouse,” UNICEF DATA, accessed November 7, 2023, https://data.unicef.org/resources/data_explorer/unicef_f/. “Birth and Death Registration Completeness.” “Birth and Death Registration Completeness.” Chae Mims, ‘The Statelessness of the Children of North Korean Women Defectors in China’ (2021) 24(2) Human Rights Brief 98; Choo Chin Low, ‘Report on Citizenship Law: China and Taiwan’ (Country Report, EUDO Citizenship Observatory, 2016); Study Group on Statelessness in Japan, ‘Typology of Stateless Persons in Japan’ (Report, UNHCR 2017) 126–36. Nationality Law of the People’s Republic of China (1980) s 6. Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding observations on the combined third and fourth periodic reports of China, adopted by the Committee at its sixty-fourth session (16 September–4 October 2013), 29 October 2013, CRC/C/CHN/ CO/3-4, available at: https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2 FCHN%2FCO%2F3-4&Lang=en Committee on the Rights of the Child, ‘Concluding Observations on the Fifth Periodic Report of Mongolia’ UN Doc CRC/C/ MNG/CO/5 (12 July 2017) [20]. 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