Table 6: Right to acquire nationality by naturalisation COUNTRY DRC Rwanda Uganda a Res. period 7 yrs 15 yrs 10 yrs Registration: if “legal and voluntary” Language / cultural requirements Speak one of the Congolese languages; must then maintain clear cultural, professional, economic, emotional or familial links with the DRC Character Renounce other nat. Good conduct and morals; never convicted for treason, war crimes, genocide, terrorism, corruption or various other crimes. Yes Knowledge and respect for Integrity and good Rwandan culture and conduct; not pose a traditions; knowledge of civic threat to national values; good social relations security. within the Rwandan society - - 20 yrs Adequate knowledge of “a Good character Naturalisation: if prescribed vernacular not “legal and language” or English voluntary” No Health / income - Other1 Must have rendered distinguished service or naturalisation must be of real benefit to the country. Other conditions also apply in case of marriage. Minor children included? Limits on rights for naturalised 2 Yes, automatic Legal provision C2006Art72 L2004Art11,18-25, 49 Sufficient means Other grounds for grant of Yes, automatic nationality include: national interest, special skills or talents, substantial investments, honour The President, President of Senate, Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, President of Supreme Court must be of Rwandan nationality by origin C2003(2015) Arts 25,66,99&153 President must be citizen by birth C1995(2005) Art12(2)(b)&102 L2021Art13-20 Application also possible based on 25 years’ factual residence even if cannot prove legal residence. In some circumstances In some circumstances - - Significant additional conditions apply if wishes to hold dual nationality. May be refused if “immigration file contains substantial inconsistencies as to put his or her demeanour in issue”. No L1999(2009) Secs14(2)(b),15,19,19B &19C C1995(2005) Art13 L1999(2009) Secs16&19,19A,19C Significant additional conditions apply if wishes to hold dual nationality. 1. Most countries require the person to be adult; currently and legally resident, and to intend to remain so if they wish to naturalise; these provisions are not included here. 2. Provisions in the nationality law and constitution (not including electoral code). a Uganda has particularly complex distinctions between registration and naturalisation which are hard to represent in table for m; significant additional conditions apply if the person wishes to have dual citizenship. The 1995 Constitution provides for 10 years’ residence to acquire citizenship by registration, “or such other period prescribed by Parliament”; sin ce 2009 the legislation has also required 10 years’ residence. 83