UNHCR, APRIL 2023
REFUGEES FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION
Similarly, no specific additional conditions are applied for the acquisition of nationality “of origin” to those
born outside of Rwanda. However, an application is required, as it is for those born in Rwanda. 76 The
implication is therefore that those children remain without Rwandan nationality if there is no application.
The ministerial order does not specify what information would satisf y the requirements for proof that the
parent of an applicant was of “Rwandan ancestry”. According to the family code, foreign civil status
documents are authoritative; and in case of doubt, a court will rule on the validity of the record.
The study did not consider Ugandans born in other countries. For South Sudanese born in Uganda, the
Transitional Constitution of South Sudan provides that “Every person born to a South Sudanese mother
or father shall have an inalienable right to enjoy South Sudanese citizenship and nationality”. The South
Sudanese Nationality Act 2011 provides for very broad attribution of South Sudanese nationality to those
with parents, grandparents or great grandparents on the male or female line were born in South Sudan;
or belonging to one of the indigenous tribal communities of South Sudan. The Civil Registry Act provides
that civil status events taking place abroad are recognised if they are registered with the foreign
authorities and with the relevant consulate.
Views of refugees
Country of strongest connection
The great majority of the long-term refugees surveyed felt more connected to the country of asylum,
whether or not their parents and grandparents all originated from the same country (as was true for most
of those surveyed). Among the three countries, 62 percent felt closest to the country of asylum (rising to
70 percent of those living in urban areas), and 29 percent to the country of origin as recorded in their
refugee registration. The remainder were not sure, or felt more connected to another country.
There are variations among the different countries of asylum. Among the long-term refugees in Rwanda,
54 percent felt most connected to Rwanda; among those in DRC, 72 percent felt most connected to DRC;
among those in Uganda, 78 percent felt most connected to Uganda. Among those born in South Sudan,
DRC or Rwanda, with refugee status in Uganda or DRC, a significant majority most felt more connected to
the country of asylum; whereas just over half of those with refugee status in Rwanda but born in DRC still
felt more connected to DRC.
Unsurprisingly, those holding refugee status who were born in the country of asylum were more likely to
feel more connected to the country of asylum – 74 percent of all those refugees born in the country of
asylum felt more connected there. Among these, 80 percent of those born in the DRC felt most connected
76
Organic Law N° 002/2021.OL, arts.5–7; Ministerial Order N° 007/01, art.3.
21