Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 1. Europe’s #StatelessKids 4 2. Children’s right to a nationality 6 3. Why are children still born stateless in Europe? 10 4. When do children of European parents face statelessness? 19 5. Dealing with complex cases: foundlings, adoption, surrogacy 22 6. Promoting birth registration, to prevent statelessness 25 Conclusion and recommendations 29 Annexes and endnotes 33 Acknowledgements