Services are different from resources in that they cannot be owned as a commodity but are allocated and usually provided by the state. Services, like natural resources, are an essential part of modern civilizations as they regulate and facilitate the exercise of many human rights. The provision of essential services—such as health care, education, sanitation and public order are typically key responsibilities of the governing body. These fundamental services are considered to be essential for a life of dignity and their universal provision should be guaranteed. As such, their denial usually indicates violations of basic human rights and has dire consequences for affected individuals or communities. The deprivation of natural resources and services affects all aspects of a person’s daily life, sometimes including life itself. When access is denied, communities suffer, and usually act to restore access. When attempts are unsuccessful, individuals or communities are pressured to move elsewhere in search of better life conditions and improved access to basic needs. Sometimes, the denial of access results from natural events or accidents outside human control, such as a landslide blocking the provision of services to a community. In other cases, however, the deprivation is man- made, can be intentional, and stems from economic or political goals. It is essential to realize that the control and management of natural resources, and provision of services, are not only an administrative and technical process, but can also be a sociopolitical element that can determine the quality of living conditions of those dependent on these resources and services. This is why the distribution and provision of resources and services, and design of related infrastructure, often serve a political strategy. Following the introduction and legal framework, the first half of the paper explores the Israeli control over natural resources in the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) and the resulting denial of access for Palestinians. The consequences of the denial are analyzed from two different angles. On the one hand, how the lack of access to essential natural resources hinders normal life in Palestinian communities, contributing to the creation of a coercive environment for affected Palestinians. On the other, how this denial of access prevents Palestinians from exercising sovereignty over their own resources and benefiting from their economic exploitation, with the subsequent loss of potential earnings. In the second half, the report analyzes the discrimination in Israeli provision of services across Mandatory Palestine, both inside Israel and the oPt. Here, the research analyses the intentional and discriminatory deprivation of services to Palestinian communities by Israel, with the aim of forcibly transferring them from the area. 10