from tuition and matriculation exam fees, and subsidized transportation to school.271 In addition, over 20 percent of Palestinian communities in Area C have extremely restricted access to health services, as all advanced medical service facilities and providers are located in areas A and B. Therefore people are required to travel distances, usually across checkpoints in order to access them.272 The Jordan Valley The Jordan Valley exemplifies some of the worst service deprivation in Area C. The Valley constitutes 28.5 percent of the West Bank, 1600 km2, with an estimated population of 70,000 Palestinians.273 This number has been significantly affected by the Israeli policies in the area, as the number of inhabitants decreased from 250,000 Palestinians before 1967 to the current number.274 The Jordan Valley also includes 37 Israeli colonies with a colonizer population of around 10,000 residents.275 Out of the 13 Palestinian localities located entirely inside Area C, only four receive services of any kind.276 The entire valley contains only 24 health clinics and 29 schools. The health clinics are old and/or run out of tents or poorly made structures, as Israel’s prohibition on construction has prevented their maintenance and replacement. Their operation has also been curtailed to only two or three days per week for two hours at a time.277 The MA’AN Development Center has pronounced that health services in the Valley are “almost nonexistent and, if available, do not meet the needs of the population, particularly in emergency situations.”278 This has been aggravated by the fact that Israeli soldiers often hold medical staff for long searches at checkpoints, delaying them from reaching their patients.279 Many of the schools have also been unable to deliver adequate 271 Ibid. 272 Ibid. 273 PLO Negotiations Affairs Department, Israeli Annexation Policies in the Jordan Valley, September 2013, 1, available at: https://www.nad.ps/en/publication-resources/factsheets/israeli-annexationpolicies-jordan-valley-destroying-future-state 274 Ibid. 275 Ibid. 276 MA’AN Development Center & Jordan Valley Popular Committees, Eye on the Jordan Valley, 2010, 29, available at: http://www.maan-ctr.org/old/pdfs/Eyeon%20theJVReportFinal.pdf [hereinafter MA’AN, Eye on the Jordan Valley]. 277 Id., 30. 278 Ibid. 279 Ibid. 75