CONCLUSION The human rights deprivations endured by Rohingya over multiple decades, in Myanmar as well as elsewhere, including Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand, India and in the Middle East, have been well documented. These deprivations are all rooted in persecution and genocide in Myanmar. However, Rohingya are forced to continue to live precariously in the countries where they have sought refuge, or otherwise risk their lives on dangerous journeys across land and sea borders. Rohingya are still, over decades and multiple generations, existing in protracted situations of displacement, unable to access their rights and unable to live secure and dignified lives as citizens or refugees. The inability to build and take charge of their own futures, has had a profoundly damaging impact both on individuals and the Rohingya as an ethnic community. Despite decades of human rights documentation, there have been few material improvements. Additionally, Rohingya efforts to play a central role in the policy approaches which ultimately impact them, have not always been prioritised by decision-makers and international organisations. The COVID-19 pandemic is the current tragedy faced by the Rohingya community. State responses in many previous and ongoing situations have further disadvantaged Rohingya and impacted human rights in ways that are all too familiar – death on the high seas; arbitrary arrest; prolonged detention; exploitation and trafficking; access to food, livelihood and health insecurities. The causes of the disadvantages remain a constant - discrimination, persecution, statelessness, lack of legal status and lack of legal protection. Consequently, it is not surprising that the analysis within this paper and the recommendations made, evoke previous statements and recommendations on numerous issues over decades, by Rohingya activists as well as human rights organisations. This pattern of research, analysis and recommendations, followed by indifference and inaction is likely to continue for as long as those in positions of power, fail to actively listen, include, and be accountable to the Rohingya community for inaction and policy failures. Rohingya activists and community representatives are the most vital source of information and analysis on the human rights violations endured by Rohingya populations. They also offer the most important perspective on how these violations should be addressed and mitigated. The challenge posed to states, UN agencies and NGOs by this report and other initiatives by Rohingya groups, is to listen, reflect, act and be accountable. 16 CONTRIBUTORS ABDUL HAMID ALI JINNAH HUSEIN ALI JOHAR AMAL DE CHICKERA ANAYATULLAH GEORGIA FIELD HAFSAR TAMEESUDDIN JAIVET EALOM KHIN MAUNG KYAW HLA LUKE MILLAR MARIT VAN SEUMEREN MOHAMMAD SHAFIQUL MOHAMMED NOMAN MUHAMMED ASIF NATALIE BRINHAM NAY SAN LWIN NURUL HOQUE RAZIA SULTANA RIDWAANA JARMAL RIYAN KHYYAT SABBER KYAW MIN SABRINA CHOWDHURY MONA SANYUWARA AYE NU SHARIFAH SHAKIRA SIRAZAL ISLAM SUJAUDDIN KARIMUDDIN TASMIDA JOHAR TUN KHIN YASMIN ULLAH

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