TERRORISM DILEMMAS AND DEMOCRACY Conclusion There is little doubt the violence and simmering ethnic tension in Rakhine is a complex socio-historical issue with deep roots. But what is clear from the inductive frame analysis of The Daily Star coverage is that newspaper reportage steeped in nation-state thinking, where belonging is framed through citizenship, and the confines of that state are presented as undisputed, is ill-equipped at fulfilling its Fourth Estate responsibility to scrutinise power. The three framesets identified in this study—the Rohingya as an impediment to Bangladeshi prosperity; Rohingya as victims and the Rohingya as intruders of Bangladeshi sovereignty—and their parent meta-frame of nation-state dominance, demonstrates how the newspaper struggles to break away from socio-political frames set by the hegemony of the nation-state, thus offering little of the insight, scrutiny or pragmatic objectivity expected of a truly independent Fourth Estate. A Fourth Estate bound by such geographic confines clearly fails to represent the interests of the stateless who by definition fall outside of such a limited nation-centric remit. The frame analysis of The Daily Star suggests the newspaper, at least when it comes to refugee migration, views the twin abstraction of ‘state’ and ‘public’ interest as homogeneous. Such a view is deeply problematic in a global world with a global public, moreso within the context of a global Fourth Estate. In popularising the term global village, Marshall McLuhan wrote ‘today…we have extended our central nervous system itself in a global embrace, abolishing both space and time as far as our planet is concerned’ (1964). Perhaps expecting such a shift in thinking from a state-based Fourth Estate to a global Fourth Estate may be somewhat ambitious, but a call for a broader, regional approach to its fourth-estate mandate is not only called for but essential in fulfilling fundamental obligations of the press in scrutinising power and animating democratic social conscience in and delivering a human-rights based journalism. The limited remit of a nation-centric state-based media, is being countered to some extent by alternative media such as the Malaysian-based Rohingya satellite television channel Rohingya Vision. In many ways, the satellite television channel launched in April 2012 along with its online media stable has created a Fourth Estate media sphere dedicated to Rohingya interests outside of the traditional nation state structure. With the exception of a few exploratory studies (Downman & Ubayasiri, 2017; Ma, Pan, Yu, Shi, & Siu 2018) there is little research on the role of such media, offering much scope for future research in this space. PACIFIC JOURNALISM REVIEW 25 (1 & 2) 2019 273