제2장 무국적에 관한 국제기준과 국내 이행
떄 쎼듃 鮳꾣떄 떘듛ꀗ 덉뒿鸛, 듷ꀗ 뙿ꗟ ꢷ髰떄덓 뭫대싟 딓 꺧ꠈ싛鮳 뒇싛덯 긯됬ꆟꁧ. 馟듻듷 ꢷ髰
떄듷 ꆣ 뒇썛덓 먛싛뎃ꁧ驣 驣ꖧ싛鮳 뒇싷 ꅇꁯ싛덯닿 싛ꀗ 떄떘꺣듃 깄쏬덓 ꊳ꓿ 깄듷싣 꾛 딋뒿ꟳ, 듷
됬댷덓ꀗ 띃鸛믛騏 셯骇떄듻 듛ꥻꗟ 긯됬ꆣ 뒇썛듷 딋ꁧ. ꊳ꓿꺟 듷ꕯ싟 ꨗ뙿덓 骃싟 ꁧ댔싟 덳髯덓꺟 깠
긳ꆟ 딓ꙏꀗ ꯇ髓馃 ꬋ馃ꀨ싣 꾛 딋ꁧ (UNHCR, 2021: 56).
2.2.2 긯끧깄 ꢷ髰떄
1946黇 떘ꬃ馇 鸟뒇둓쐏(Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees)ꀗ 鸷ꬃ꩷驣꺟 뼸싷 “긯끧깄 ꢷ髰
떄딓” “髰떄듷 딋듏덓ꅇ ꬋ髯싛驣 髰떄髰 ꦙ덓 딋ꀗ ꅜ닋 髰떄髰듛 돻髓鸛 뎄긯떄 ꩷쎻(diplomatic and
consular protection) 떟驸ꦞ띃 싛ꀗ 긯ꔏ”듷꓿驣 떘듛싛뎃ꁧ. 1949黇 뒣덗 긯ꢷ몠딨듛 ⒮ꢷ髰떄 덳髯⒯
꩷驣꺟덓꺟ꀗ 긯끧깄 ꢷ髰떄딓듛 馟黓듇 쏘딨싛덯 “ꩻ듻듷 髰듷덋ꃛ 髰馃 ꌣ鸯뒿ꟳ ꃗ듷깄 髰馃 떘
ꬃ鮳骃듛 ꩷쎻돃 둓뗳 떟驸ꦞ띃 싛ꀗ 긯ꔏ(having left the country of which they were nationals, no longer
enjoy the protection and assistance of their national authorities)”듷꓿驣 떘듛싛뎃驣, 髰떄髰 떘ꬃ馃 魻 ꩷쎻
돃 둓뗳 떟驸듇 駳ꬃ싛ꀗ 驀됳 굓ꝏ 닇ꁋ꓿ 馟듻 뀧뀧ꗟ 魻 ꩷쎻돃 둓뗳 駳ꬃ싛ꀗ 驀됳ꅇ 셯싫싛ꀗ 騆뒿
ꗟ 黿듛ꆛ덋ꁧ.
1954黇 ⒮ꢷ髰떄딓듛 띃뒇덓 骃싟 쎔대⒯듷 뒣덗 ꢷ髰떄딓 띃뒇덓 骃싟 쐏듛(UN Conference on the Status of
Stateless Persons, 듷싛 鿷되쐏듛)덓꺟 먷騳ꆣ ꁼ끟 ‘긯끧깄 ꢷ髰떄딓’덓 ꂃ싛덯ꀗ 심듛馃 듷ꙫ댷띃띃 닍닇
듷 떘듛ꀗ 몋닋덓 셯싫ꆛ띃 닍닛ꁧ. 쑇덓 ⒮ꢷ髰떄듛 馓꼏덓 骃싟 쎔대⒯듇 먷騳싟 뒣덗 ꥻꔛ ꢷ髰떄듛 똈끠
驿 馓꼏 뒇싟 쐏듛(UN Conference on the Elimination or Reduction of Future Statelessness)덓꺟 데끟 뫟똈
듛떘꺟 뼸싷 “긯끧깄 ꢷ髰떄딓(persons who are stateless de facto)馃 끧쐫떄 髰떄(effective nationality)듇
뭫ꉠ싣 꾛 딋ꅇꗠ 馃ꀨ싟 ꨗ뒇 鸷덓꺟 ꨘꛣ깄 ꢷ髰떄딓(persons who are stateless de jure)ꗟ ꁧꙫ댷닿 싟ꁧ”
驣 鬏驣싛뎃ꁧ.
듷 됬댷덓 ꂃ싟 髰떟ꨘ깄 ꦞ닇ꉧ덯띃ꀗ 떘듛ꀗ 덉뒿鸛, UNHCR듛 끧ꢷ깄 떘듛馃 馃딨 뒣됬싛驣 셯骇떄듿
騆듷ꁧ. 띃믫 떟1쎻ꀗ 2010黇 髰떟ꨘ깄 ꢷ髰떄딓듛 馟黓덓 骃싟 떇ꢻ馃 쐏듛(Expert Meeting on the Concept
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