62 “They looked at his identity card and shot him dead” Six months of post-electoral violence in Côte d’Ivoire ENDNOTES 1 Security Council Resolution 1528 (2004), S/RES/1528 (2004), 9 March 2004, par.16. Amnesty International: Côte d’Ivoire. Clashes between peacekeeping forces and civilians: Lessons for the future, AI Index: AFR 31/005/2006, 18 September 2006. 2 Amnesty International has published many documents and press releases denouncing these human rights violations and abuses committed by all the parties for the last decade. All these documents are available on Amnesty International’s website at: http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/cote-divoire. 3 At the time of this election in 2000, the Constitutional Council had rejected the candidacies of two of the main political leaders, former president Henri Konan Bédié and Alassane Ouattara. The candidacy of Henri Konan Bédié was rejected for not meeting procedural provisions and Alassane Ouattara because his claim to Ivorian nationality was not accepted. 4 5 Security Council, Résolution 1975 (2011), S/RES/1975), 30 March 2011, par.6. For supporters of this theory, “Ivoirité” is “a requirement of sovereignty, identity, creativity. The Ivorian people must first of all assert their sovereignty, their authority in the face of threats of dispossession and subjugation: whether it concerns immigration or economic and political power.” See Proceedings of the Curdiphe Forum, 20-23 March 1996, published under the direction of Saliou Touré, in Politique africaine, No 78, June 2000, Karthala, Paris, pp.65-66. For a more detailed analysis of this concept, see Amnesty International, Côte d‘Ivoire: Clashes between peacekeeping forces and civilians: lessons for the future, AI Index: AFR 31/005/2006, 19 September 2006. 6 7 Interview with Laurent Gbagbo: "N’importe qui ne peut pas venir jouer dans notre maison", 11 November 2010, at http://saoti.over-blog.com/article-laurent-gbagbo-n-importe-qui-nepeut-pas-venir-jouer-dans-notre-maison-60735907.html (last accessed 17 May 2011). 8 Le Temps, 5 March 2011. 9 Notre Voie, 9 December 2010. 10 Le Temps, 8 December 2010. 11 Notre Voie, 20 December 2010. In 2006, the Security Council imposed sanctions on Charles Blé Goudé for the following acts: "public statements advocating violence against United Nations installations and personnel, and against foreigners; direction of and participation in acts of violence by street militias, including beatings, rapes and extrajudicial killings; intimidation of the United Nations." 12 13 This speech was filmed and can be viewed at: http://www.djibitv.com/video/8503/Bl%C3%A9+Goud%C3%A9+annonce+la+lib%C3%A9ration+du+Golf (last accessed 17 May 2011). 14 Some manual, commercial and transport trades are often carried out by foreigners from the subregion. These people are often called "Guineans" even when they are from another country or are Ivorians with a Muslim name. Some people have told Amnesty International that the Young Patriots sometimes use the term "Guinean" rather than "foreigner". Amnesty International May 2011 Index: AFR 31/002/2011