SOLVING STATELESSNESS be needed, as these will influence the manner in which the SDGs are implemented. With respect to SDG 5, Target 5.1, the methodology being developed to measure progress against Global Indicator 5.1.1 must include nationality laws among the legal frameworks that are evaluated and specifically consider whether women are granted equal nationality rights under those laws. In relation to SDG 10, Target 10.3 and SDG 16, Target 16.b, the current Global Indicators 10.3.1 and 16.b.1 are unlikely to lead to outcomes that will effectively address statelessness. This is because they are based on the assumption that individuals who experience discriminatory treatment are in a position to report the mistreatment and, in fact, take the opportunity to do so; assumptions which do not hold water for the majority of stateless persons. It is proposed that additional Global Indicators, which seek to establish whether or not legal frameworks, policies and practices are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination, are established in relation to Targets 10.3 and 16.b. This is critical if the SDGs are to be used to address statelessness, as discrimination and exclusion lie at the root of the majority of cases of statelessness and the effectiveness of other SDGs for stateless individuals will rest on their ability to enjoy equal access to the benefits that the SDGs seek to provide. Finally, to encourage the effective implementation of Goal 16, Target 16.9, it is proposed that Global Indicator 16.9.1, which only measures one aspect of legal identity, namely birth registration of children under the age of five, be supplemented by national-level indicators designed to measure access to other nationally relevant forms of legal identity, such as documents which are considered to provide proof of nationality. The task of the international community now is to ensure that stateless persons are explicitly considered as global and country-level Indicators are refined, measurement methodologies developed and national planning systems activated, so that they too may benefit from this initiative which aims at a world that is just, right-based, equitable and inclusive. 69