Figure 42. Dow ries in marriages DOWRIES: AN EXPENSE SEEN AS NECESSARY 19% Dowries were exchanged in 81 percent of marriages taking place in the camps (figure 42). As explored above, dowries can be financially advantageous to a groom’s family. They may also be seen by parents as a way to secure a good life for a daughter. However, they frequently result in debt on the bride’s side. The practice of offering a dowry is a cultural rather than a religious tradition, and camp residents are aware of this distinction. They describe it as a long-standing custom not easily overcome. of marriages did not entail a dowry 81% of marriages entailed a dowry Dowry amounts vary widely and often consist of a mix of material items and cash, or material items only (figure 43). While the vast majority of dowries were below 60,000 taka (including those with no dowry), almost one in ten paid a dowry greater than 150,000 taka (9 percent). Dowries are financed in various ways, with families often pooling resources from multiple sources. Over two-thirds of families borrowed from friends or relatives to pay the dowry for a daughter’s marriage, and over half spent their savings (figure 44). 401 respondents provided information about 628 marriages Figure 44. Financing of dow ries Family borrowed from friends or relatives 68% Family spent savings Figure 43. Value of dow ries 19% 18% 18% Family took a loan from a moneylender 19% 25% Family sold land or possessions Family received a remittance No dowry BDT 1–20,000 BDT 20,001– 40,000 52% BDT 40,001– 60,000 > BDT 60,000 No dowry 401 respondents provided information about 628 marriages; multiple response 38% 32% 22% 21% 401 respondents provided information about 628 marriages The dowry system can lead to heavy debt Some camp residents are growing wary of the dowry practice, which is difficult to uphold in the camp setting. According to a father who incurred a debt of 60,000 taka for his daughter’s dowry, “The dowry system is our culture, not our religion. According to our religion it is not allowed. But if we don’t follow it, girls will get too old for marriage…It would be very helpful if we could stop it.” He explained that a dowry is a way for parents to invest in a daughter’s future. “When we were in Myanmar, it was manageable for me to arrange my daughters’ marriages without taking any loans. After fleeing here it has become harmful. I’m not comfortable borrowing money. Dowry demands have become habitual amongst the people. My daughters’ marriages are shanti, peaceful. They both have good husbands. I’d be thankful to Allah if this dowry practice could be stopped, but I could only give my daughters good marriages because of paying dowries. Not everyone can manage it.” “With this heavy loan, I have to think about how to manage marriage for my other two daughters,” he continued. “So, how can we stop the dowry system? We have to consider it. I am 50 years old now, and daily labor is no longer a suitable livelihood option for me. I need ideas, suggestions. How can I get to a third country? I don’t see conditions getting better back in Myanmar. I think we will have to stay here for a long time.” 37

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