Most households have no savings for covering unexpected costs (figure 30). Ninety-eight percent state that their household’s cash savings are under 5,000 taka. The lack of a cash safety net for most families underscores the vulnerability of camp residents to shocks and unanticipated life events. Figure 30. Household sav ings NEWLY ARRIVED REFUGEES REGISTERED REFUGEES 81% 73% 17% 18% 9% 2% No savings BDT 1–5,000 > BDT 5,000 No savings BDT 1–5,000 > BDT 5,000 Figure 31. Estimated cost of liv ing by income level and refugee status NEWLY ARRIVED REFUGEES REGISTERED REFUGEES 50% 43% 31% 19% BDT 0–5,000 BDT 5,001– 10,000 The data reveals distinctions in the expenditures and livelihoods of different types of households. Registered refugee households, which have had more time to establish secure livelihoods, report higher monthly expenses and income in comparison to newly arrived households. Higherearning households also report that it costs more to live than those with no or little income (figure 31). > BDT 10,000 BDT 0–849 PER MONTH 33% 24% BDT 0–5,000 BDT 5,001– 10,000 > BDT 10,000 BDT 850–8,500 PER MONTH 48% 48% > BDT 8,500 PER MONTH 52% 48% 37% 26% 22% 15% 4% BDT 0–5,000 BDT 5,001– 10,000 > BDT 10,000 BDT 0–5,000 BDT 5,001– 10,000 > BDT 10,000 BDT 0–5,000 BDT 5,001– 10,000 > BDT 10,000 Some youth have escaped the camps as a strategy to help improve their family’s futures Noor is a 27-year old registered refugee who grew up in Kutupalong refugee camp. He described his family’s strategies to contend with enduring hardship, a story that highlights how hardship, debt, and emigration intersect. Starting when he was seven years old, Noor spent his childhood carrying loads of firewood and rations. He earned one to four taka per load (just two to nine cents),31 enabling his family to eat lunch on the days he worked—a meal they would otherwise skip. Once he secured a job in a teashop in the nearby town of Court Bazar, which paid 900 taka per month (less than 20 dollars), Noor was able to supplement his family’s food rations and finance his studies with private tutors. As he continued 30

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