2021] NATIONALITY LAWS 91 been a significant focus of the UNHCR #IBELONG campaign, which aims to end statelessness by 2024, nor of the work of the wide array of international actors engaged in the campaign. Gender discrimination and childhood statelessness have been (appropriately) explicitly identified as core, “urgent” issues in resolving statelessness, 26 with dedicated campaigns and much attention from relevant international actors, including treaty bodies. Racial discrimination, however, has not been identified in the same manner despite its undeniably pivotal role in the creation of statelessness in the modern era. 27 Comprehensive work has been undertaken in relation to gender discrimination in nationality laws, which has produced widely accessible information about the number and identity of countries that retain such discrimination.28 By contrast, no such analysis has 26 See U.N. High Comm’r for Refugees et al., Urgent Action Needed to Reform Gender Discriminatory Nationality Laws Causing Childhood Statelessness (Aug. 22, 2019), https://www.unhcr.org/en-au/news/press/2019/8/5d5e63d9456/urgent-actionneeded-reform-gender-discriminatory-nationality-laws-causing.html [https://perma.cc/C4UT-S9RY]. 27 Rohingya people represent one of the largest known stateless populations, underlining the relevance of discrimination based on ethnicity and race to statelessness today. There is no question that race discrimination underpins their predicament. Indeed, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued interim measures in January 2020 in relation to Gambia’s case against Myanmar which claims that Myanmar has violated the Genocide Convention. See Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Gam. v. Myan.), Order, 2020 I.C.J. 178 (Jan. 23). Article I of the Genocide Convention, provides that all States parties undertake “to prevent and to punish” the crime of genocide. Id. ¶ 49. Article II provides that genocide means a list of relevant acts “committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.” Id. The ICJ held: Bearing in mind Myanmar’s duty to comply with its obligations under the Genocide Convention, the Court considers that, with regard to the situation described above, Myanmar must, in accordance with its obligations under the Convention, in relation to the members of the Rohingya group in its territory, take all measures within its power to prevent the commission of all acts within the scope of Article II of the Convention, in particular: (a) killing members of the group; (b) causing serious bodily or mental harm to the members of the group; (c) deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; and (d) imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group. Id. ¶ 79. See also, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Dec. 9, 1948, 102 Stat. 3045, 78 U.N.T.S. 277. 28 See, e.g., U.N. HIGH COMM’R FOR REFUGEES, BACKGROUND NOTE ON GENDER EQUALITY, NATIONALITY LAWS AND STATELESSNESS 2019 (Mar. 8, 2019), https://www.refworld.org/docid/5c8120847.html (demonstrating that