122 COLUM. J. RACE & L. [Vol. 11:83 who did not qualify for citizenship under the then current Citizenship law and who therefore “may not be protected against racial discrimination in their exercise of rights under Articles 5(d)(i) and (ii) and 5(e) of the Convention.”164 The Committee has in some instances made more focused recommendations in relation to discriminatory denial of nationality, pointing to particular reform measures that are “urged” or “requested.” For example, in relation to Kenya, the Committee recommended in 2011 that Kenya make “necessary amendments to its legislation and administrative procedures in order to implement the new constitutional provisions on citizenship.”165 In relation to Jordan’s gendered nationality laws, the Committee recommended in 2012 that the state party “review and amend the Jordanian Nationality Act (Law No. 7 of 1954) in order to ensure that a Jordanian mother married to a nonJordanian man has the right to confer her nationality to her children equally and without discrimination.” 166 And again in 2017, drawing more explicitly on General Recommendation Thirty, the Committee requested that the state party “amend the Jordanian Nationality Act . . . to eliminate provisions that discriminate against non-Arab spouses of Jordanian citizens.”167 When the Committee utilizes stronger or more forceful language it tends to be in relation to deprivation or withdrawal of citizenship.168 In 2007, for example, the Committee stressed with respect to Turkmenistan that “deprivation of citizenship on the basis of national or ethnic origin is a breach of the obligation to ensure non-discriminatory enjoyment of the right to nationality,” and “urge[d] the State party to refrain from Syria, ¶ 10, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/304/Add.70 (July 7, 1999) (“The Committee is concerned about Syrian-born Kurds, who are considered either as foreigners or as maktoumeen (unregistered) by the Syrian authorities and who face administrative and practical difficulties in acquiring Syrian nationality, although they have no other nationality by birth.”). 164 See also Comm. on Elimination Racial Discrimination, Concluding Observations on Iraq, ¶ 17, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/IRQ/CO/15-21 (Sept. 22, 2014) (using slightly stronger language). 165 Comm. on Elimination Racial Discrimination, Concluding Observations on Kenya, ¶ 21, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/KEN/CO/1-4 (Sept. 14, 2011). 166 Comm. on Elimination Racial Discrimination, Concluding Observations on Jordan, ¶ 11, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/JOR/CO/13-17 (Apr. 4, 2012). 167 Comm. on Elimination Racial Discrimination, Concluding Observations on Jordan, ¶ 23, U.N. Doc. CERD/C/JOR/CO/18-20 (Dec. 26, 2017). 168 See Hoornick, supra note 156. Our analysis revealed that the Committee discussed deprivation of nationality in relation to ten countries within the period under examination (being Ethiopia, Iraq, Jordan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Sudan, and Turkmenistan).