THEMATIC BRIEFING | SEPTEMBER 2021
Statelessness determination and protection in Europe
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de 1954. Publicado en: «BOE» núm. 159, de 4 de julio de 1997, páginas 20745 a 20753: http://cort.as/-KBSz; National High Court
ruling no. 68/2020, 5 February 2020 (appeal no. 265/2019): https://bit.ly/2ZkvLcf.
1954 Convention, Article 1(2).
Act II of 2002: http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=63950.227681; Section 78 (1), Act II of 2007 on the entry and stay of
third-country nationals: http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=108621.383707#foot_443_placehttp://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.
cgi?docid=108621.383707#foot_443_place; see also, Constitutional Court judgment V/8/2021:
https://www.alkotmanybirosag.hu/uploads/2021/03/sz_v_8_2021.pdf
Gyulai, G. (2015), ‘Hungarian Constitutional Court declares that lawful stay requirement in statelessness determination breaches
international law’, available at: https://www.statelessness.eu/blog/hungarian-constitutional-court-declares-lawful-stay-requirementstatelessness-determination.
European Court of Human Rights, ‘Sudita Keita’. See also Cabral, P. (2020), ‘Sudita Keita v. Hungary – another landmark ruling from
Strasbourg on the right to private and family life of stateless people’, available at: https://www.statelessness.eu/updates/blog/suditakeita-v-hungary-another-landmark-ruling-strasbourg-right-private-and-family.
See e.g. X. gegen Bundesamt für Migration, 2C_36/2012 (Federal Tribunal, 10 May 2012): https://entscheide.weblaw.ch/cache.
php?link=10.05.2012_2C_36-2012; A.X. et al. v. Office fédéral des migrations, 2C_1/2008 (Federal Tribunal, 26 March 2009): https://
entscheide.weblaw.ch/cache.php?link=28.02.2008_2C_1-2008.
Article 25(2) Federal Act on Administrative Procedure of 20 December 1968 (APA; SR 172.021). See UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, para. 51;
UNHCR (2018), Summary and recommendations: Statelessness in Switzerland, available at: https://www.unhcr.org/dach/wp-content/
uploads/sites/27/2019/04/CH_UNHCR-Statelessness_in_Switz-Summary-ENG-screen.pdf. See also Humanrights.ch, Institute on
Statelessness and Inclusion, European Network on Statelessness and Terre des hommes Foundation (2017), ‘Joint Submission to the
Human Rights Council at the 28th Session of the Universal Periodic Review, available at’: https://www.statelessness.eu/sites/default/
files/2020-09/ENS-UPR_Submission_Switzerland-28_Session-Statelessness.pdf.
The definition of a stateless person in the UK Immigration Rules is the same as Article 1(1) of the 1954 Convention; however,
the Immigration Rules define people who fall within an exclusion provision as falling beyond the scope of the definition of a
stateless person (paras 401-404). See UK Immigration Rules, Part 14: stateless persons, available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/
immigration-rules/immigration-rules-part-14-stateless-persons.
https://index.statelessness.eu/country/bulgaria
This is an adapted version of the building blocks of a “statelessness-specific protection mechanism”, proposed in Gyulai, G. (2014)
‘The determination of statelessness’.
ENS (2013), Statelessness Determination and the Protection Status of Stateless Persons, available at: https://www.statelessness.eu/
updates/publication/ens-good-practice-guide-statelessness-determination-and-protection-status.
UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, para. 68; ENS, ‘Statelessness Determination’.
UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, para. 69; ENS, ‘Statelessness Determination’.
More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/moldova.
Government of Spain, Ministry of Interior, Application Form for the Status of Stateless Person in Spain [SP]: http://www.interior.gob.
es/documents/642012/10027169/Formulario_solicitud_apatrida_rellenable.pdf/5f378d8e-59c1-408a-aea5-64bcd4ce39b8
More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/united-kingdom.
UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, paras. 83-87.
UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, para. 84; See also Gyulai, G., ‘The determination of statelessness’, pp. 139-140.
UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, paras. 18 and 92.
UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, para. 96. See also Section 4 of this briefing.
UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, para. 91.
See also UNHCR (2018), Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the case of AS (Guinea) v. Secretary of
State for the Home Department before the Court of Appeal (Civil Division), C5/2016/3473/A, available at: https://www.refworld.org/
docid/5a9d54884.html
CEDAW, General recommendation No. 32 on the gender-related dimensions of refugee status, asylum, nationality and statelessness
of women (2014) III, Convention on the Rights of the Child III, 1989 Convention on the Rights- of Persons with Disabilities, 2006:
Article 18, UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, paras. 118-121.
See, for example, on Italy: Corte di Cassazione, Sentenza n. 28153/2017; Bianchini K., Protecting Stateless Persons. The
Implementation of the Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons Across Europe (Brill 2018), p. 166
Supreme Court judgment no. 8948/2007, 20 November 2007: http://cort.as/-Kmaa.
More information at: https://index.statelessness.eu/country/latvia.
UNHCR, Statelessness Determination in the UK, Dec. 2020, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/5fe349c94.html, pp. 26-28.
See further information and issues at: ENS, No child should be stateless: ensuring the right to a nationality for children in migration
in Europe, April 2020, available at: https://www.statelessness.eu/updates/publication/no-child-should-be-stateless-ensuring-rightnationality-children-migration
UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, para. 73.
UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, paras. 118-121; Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989.
UNHCR, ‘Handbook’, para. 75.