On 19 January 2022, the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) became the European Union
Agency for Asylum (EUAA). All references to EASO, EASO products and bodies should be
understood as references to the EUAA.
Manuscript completed in January 2025
Neither the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) nor any person acting on behalf of the
EUAA is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2025
Print
ISBN 978-92-9410-412-0
doi: 10.2847/0726390
BZ-01-24-033-EN-C
PDF
ISBN 978-92-9410-411-3
doi:
BZ-01-24-033-EN-N
10.2847/2454607
© European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA), 2025
For any use or reproduction of elements that are not owned by the EUAA, permission may
need to be sought directly from the respective rightsholders. The EUAA does not own the
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Cover illustration fabioderby, © AdobeStock, 2024.