EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR ASYLUM
Other documents
In some countries, other types of documents, such as a driver’s licence or voting cards are
widely used as a primary identity document. They contain similar personal details and features
as conventional identity cards.
In addition, marriage certificates (official statements by national authorities attesting that two
persons are married) commonly contain indications on the spouses’ nationality(ies).
In particular for stateless persons, specific documents attesting their registration with
international organisations in relation to service provision can constitute a means of
identification (e.g. cards issued to internally displaced persons).
Finally, other types of documents do not have probative value but may be considered to
substantiate the applicant’s claimed nationality (or lack of thereof). Such document can be, for
example, school certificates, medical certificates, employment contracts, property deeds or
rental contracts.
Be mindful of the fact that a state’s acknowledgment of the existence of nationality
(e.g. by putting a ‘special’ stamp in the applicant’s passport) or a decisive indication
of status by the competent authorities of the state in question (e.g. a letter from
their embassy) may often be ‘indicative’, not constitutive, of the existence of nationality.
5.3.
Country of origin information
The availability of high-quality, reliable and relevant COI is essential to the decision-making
process. With regard to evidencing nationality or statelessness in particular, a primordial
element is information on nationality laws in the applicant’s country of origin. This includes
national legislation which should contain precise information about the categories of persons
eligible for nationality, the conditions that need to be fulfilled (if any), but also administrative
procedures used to obtain nationality documents. Most importantly, COI should also include
information on how these laws and regulations are applied in practice.
Keep in mind that up-to-date COI on how national laws are implemented at the time of your
assessment may not be relevant. This is because nationality laws and practices can fluctuate
over time and the applicant’s situation must be assessed in the light of their own history. You
may encounter cases where you need to look for COI on the laws and practices relevant at
the time the applicant could have acquired or lost a nationality (time of birth time of creation of
a new state where the applicant used to live, etc.).
COI that may indicate possible situations of statelessness
COI should also cover any (practical) restrictions or difficulties in the effective
access to nationality and the recognition of nationality by national authorities for
certain categories of the population of that country.
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