expected to make efforts to conduct “mapping” activities to “gain an overview” of the number of stateless persons and their actual situations, such as causes, predicaments faced, and possible solutions. Responding to this expectation, many States—such as Hungary (October 2010),7 UK (November 2011), 8 Holland (November 2011), 9 Belgium (October 2012), 10 Malta (August 2014),11 Finland (November 2014),12 Iceland (December 2014),13 and Norway (October 2015)14—have already released the results of their mapping activities, although in various forms and with various contents. On the other hand, however, a substantive number of countries have not yet done so. “Mapping” activities in Japan As mentioned above, Japan has not yet acceded to either the 1954 Convention or the 1961 Convention, and the government has not taken any concrete actions to do so. As the Arakaki Report points out, the Japanese legal system also does not yet provide for any statelessness determination system or a consistent definition of statelessness. It is undeniable that statelessness has not had gained much attention in Japan, and studies and practices relating to stateless cases have not been developed very actively because of this.15 Establishing Statelessness Determination Procedures to Protect Stateless Persons (2016), at http://www.refworld.org/docid/57836cff4.html, pp. 2-3. 7 Gábor Gyulai, Statelessness in Hungary: The Protection of Stateless Persons and the Prevention and Reduction of Statelessness (Hungarian Helsinki Committee, 2010), at http://helsinki.hu/wp-content/uploads/Statelessness_in_Hungary_2010.pdf. 8 Lucy Gregg, Chris Nash and Nick Oakeshott, Mapping Statelessness in the United Kingdom (UNHCR/Asylum Aid, 2011), at http://www.unhcr.org/protection/statelessness/4ecbc3c09/mapping-statelessness.html. 9 UNHCR, Mapping Statelessness in the Netherlands (UNHCR, 2011), at http://www.refworld.org/docid/4eef65da2.html. 10 Carine Rustom and Quentin Schoonvaere, Mapping Statelessness in Belgium (UNHCR, 2012), at http://www.unhcr.org/protection/statelessness/51110b1c9/unhcr-mapping-statelessness-belgiumoctober-2012.html?query=stateless mapping. 11 UNHCR, Mapping Statelessness in Malta (UNHCR, 2014), at http://www.unhcr.org.mt/news-and-views/press-releases/774. 12 UNHCR, Mapping Statelessness in Finland (UNHCR, 2014), at http://www.refworld.org/docid/546da8744.html. 13 UNHCR, Mapping Statelessness in Iceland (UNHCR, 2014), at http://www.refworld.org/docid/54c775dd4.html. 14 UNHCR, Mapping Statelessness in Norway (UNHCR, 2015), at http://www.refworld.org/docid/5653140d4.html. 15 In such a context, it is worth noting that Chen Tien Shi published Mukokuseki [Stateless] (Shinchosha, 2005) and played a role in making known the statelessness issues in Japan to a certain extent. 13