Table of Contents Acknowledgments - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - vii Preface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ix Introduction - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - xiii 1 Chapter The Palestinian Refugee Problem: An Overview - - - 2 1.Palestine and Palestinians - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2. Forced Displacement of Palestinians - - - - - - - - - - - 6 3. Palestinians who fall under the scope of Article 1D - - - - - - 13 4. Stateless Persons and the Statelessness Conventions - - - - - 17 4.1. Definition of a Stateless Person and Effect of Recognition (Legal Status) - - - - - - - - - - - 21 5. The Framework for Durable Solutions - - - - - - - - - - 23 6. United Nations Organizations Mandated to Provide Protection and/or Assistance to Palestinian Refugees (UNCCP, UNRWA and UNHCR) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26 6.1. The United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28 6.2. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) - - - - 33 6.3. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38 2 Chapter The 1951 Refugee Convention and Article 1D - - - - 42 1. Standards and Benefits of the 1951 Refugee Convention - - - - 44 1.1. Non-refoulement - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 44 1.2. Asylum - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47 1.3. Effective Protection - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48 1.4. Detention - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 49 2. Interpretations of Article 1D of the 1951 Refugee Convention - - - 50 2.1. UNHCR’s Interpretation of Article 1D of the 1951 Refugee Convention - - - - - - - - - - - - - 50 2.2. European Union Interpretations - - - - - - - - - 59 2.3. Council of Europe - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69 2.4. European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE) - - - 70 2.5. Current Opinion among Scholars - - - - - - - - - 71