livelihood, or that prevented his return to Lebanon. The Court concluded: Based on the above-mentioned reasons A does not have ipso facto right to the benefits granted in the 1951 Geneva Convention. A must therefore not be granted refugee status as ruled in the Convention pursuant to Article 1D, which rule is included in Section 30 of the Aliens Act. Regarding Article 1D A is, therefore, not within the scope of the application of the 1951 Geneva Convention.596 The Court then examined whether the applicant fulfilled the criteria set out in Article 1A(2) of the Refugee Convention and concluded that he did not have a wellfounded fear of persecution for one of the reasons identified by the Convention. The Court also concluded that the applicant was not in need of protection pursuant to Section 31 of the Aliens Act, stating that: The fact that according to the available information Palestinian refugees’ rights to, i.a., practice certain professions, [are restricted] cannot yield the interpretation that A would be in need of international protection pursuant to the mentioned provision.597 The Court finally concluded that the applicant could be returned to Lebanon. 5. Refugee Status Determination Process: Outcome Finnish authorities will grant refugee status to an applicant whose application is determined to be valid. When authorities decide not to grant asylum or residence, they will make an additional decision for deportation or refusal of entry at the same time.598 The immigration authorities may grant a residence permit to an asylum seeker who does not face a well-founded fear of persecution as defined in § 87(1) and has not violated any provisions stated in § 87(2), but who cannot return to his or her country of origin due to “a real risk of being subjected to serious harm” or if “he or she is unable, or owing to such risk, unwilling to avail him or herself of the protection of that country” - i.e., reasons also outlined in Article 15 of the Qualification Directive.599 Asylum seekers who are ineligible to receive refugee status for violating a provision stated in § 87(2), but who are unable to return home due to “threat of the death penalty, torture, persecution, or other treatment violating human dignity,” will be awarded a temporary residence permit for up to one year.600 Alternatively, asylum seekers may be offered subsidiary or humanitarian protection under § 88 or § 52. Protection under § 88 is common in Finland.601 596 Ibid. Ibid., 4. 598 State of Finland, “Aliens Act - Act No. 301/2004 of 2004 (Amendments up to 458/2009 Included),” Section 98. 599 Ibid., Section 88(1). 600 Ibid., Section 89. 601 Information provided by Leena-Kaisa Åberg. 597 Survey of Protection at the National Level 123