Methodology This report is based largely on interviews with 167 Rohingya refugees conducted between May 2020 and May 2021; 135 identified as men and 32 as women, and 14 were children. We spoke with 117 refugees on Bhasan Char island and 50 in Cox’s Bazar, 30 of whom later relocated to Bhasan Char. Some people were interviewed multiple times. We also interviewed 10 humanitarian workers, 5 Bangladeshis from Noakhali (the closest port city to Bhasan Char), and 4 members of the Bangladesh host community in Cox’s Bazar. We also held informal consultations with UN officials and diplomats. Human Rights Watch received a letter from the Bangladesh ambassador to the United States Mohammad Ziauddin on December 8, 2020 in response to our press release on the relocations to Bhasan Char titled “Bangladesh: Halt Rohingya Relocations to Remote Island.” 1 That letter appears in Appendix I. Human Rights Watch also wrote to Bangladesh Foreign Minister A.K. Abdul Momen regarding the findings and recommendations of this report on May 7, 2021. As of time of writing, we have received no reply. Additionally, Human Rights Watch has engaged extensively with UNHCR, the UN refugee agency in Bangladesh, and other UN officials. Human Rights Watch also sent letters on May 14, 2021 to HR Wallingford and Sinohydro, two companies reportedly involved in the development of storm protection infrastructure on the island. We received a reply from HR Wallingford on May 25, 2021. As of time of writing, we have received no reply from Sinohydro. Because refugees have faced serious abuses by security forces as retribution for speaking out about conditions on the island, we have withheld identifying information and used pseudonyms for all of the refugees and humanitarian workers. 1 “Bangladesh: Halt Rohingya Relocations to Remote Island,” Human Rights Watch news release, December 3, 2020, https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/03/bangladesh-halt-rohingya-relocations-remote-island. 11 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH | JUNE 2021