JULY – DECEMBER 2025
unless proven otherwise. The amendments also
clarify in law which children are considered to
have been “left in a healthcare institution”.
Presentation of a birth certificate to a child at a school
in Guidan Roumdji, Niger ©Maradi Ciaud
On 19 December 2025, Haiti’s Transitional
Government issued a Presidential Order outlining
key measures to advance the reform of the
national civil registration system. The Order
clarifies the functions of the National Identification
Office (ONI), including the identification of
individuals eligible for Haitian nationality by birth,
the maintenance of the national register, and the
issuance of National Identification Cards. It
further introduces provisions to make birth
registration mandatory and marks an important
step toward the digitalization and modernization
of civil registry records. UNHCR will continue
engaging with government counterparts and civil
society to anticipate and address implementation
challenges, particularly in light of the
multidimensional forced displacement crisis
currently affecting Haiti.
On 20 November 2025 in Canada, Bill C-3
entered into force, amending the Citizenship Act
to address long-standing gaps affecting so-called
"Lost Canadians". The legislation aims to restore
citizenship to individuals born abroad to Canadian
parents who were themselves born outside
Canada and who were previously excluded due
to a 2009 restriction on citizenship transmission,
which Canadian courts ruled unconstitutional in
2023. Bill C-3 provides for the automatic
restoration of citizenship to affected individuals
and establishes a new framework allowing
citizenship by descent beyond the first
generation, where the Canadian parent can
demonstrate at least three cumulative years of
physical presence in Canada prior to the child’s
birth or adoption. The reform strengthens
safeguards against statelessness, particularly
with respect to preventing statelessness resulting
from legislative gaps.
UNHCR / DIPS Statelessness Section
In early 2025, the Republic of Tajikistan adopted
a new Law on the State Registration of Civil
Status Acts, replacing the 2006 law. The
legislation establishes a unified framework for
registering births, marriages, and deaths,
introduces flexibility for late birth registration, and
allows registration when parents or applicants
lack identity documents, based on requests from
medical or guardianship authorities. While certain
operational details, such as births outside medical
facilities and cases requiring judicial intervention,
will be clarified through subordinate regulations,
UNHCR and its partner continue legal advocacy
to promote the formalization of clear procedures
to enable timely birth registration, access to civil
documentation,
and
the
prevention
of
statelessness, aiming to ensure that every child in
Tajikistan can obtain a birth certificate and legal
identity.
In December 2025, in Iran, the Justice
Department of Sistan and Baluchistan reported
that despite 30,880 applications submitted under
the 2019 law (permitting children born to Iranian
citizen mothers and non-citizen fathers to apply
for Iranian citizenship on a discretionary basis),
only 23 children had received the Shenasnameh
(identity booklet, which serves as the primary
proof of citizenship). Authorities cited multilayered
verification
procedures,
security
considerations, high prevalence of mixed
marriages, and disputed nationality claims as key
factors contributing to low approval rates in the
province. According to a previous report in March
2025 by the National Organization for Civil
Registration (NOCR), 31,032 Shenasnameh had
been issued nationwide to children of Iranian
mothers and non-Iranian fathers under the 2019
Nationality Law, out of more than 100,000
applications. While this reflects continued
progress, implementation remains uneven,
particularly in border provinces
On 1 September, Burkina Faso adopted a new
Code of Persons and the Family introducing
significant reforms on civil registration,
identification and protection of stateless persons,
and prevention of statelessness. The law
improves access to civil registration by facilitating
the issuance of civil status certificates to internally
displaced persons and refugees whose births
were not registered in their commune of origin. It
also strengthens the identification and protection
of stateless persons by: defining a stateless
person; establishing a formal statelessness
determination procedure; and guaranteeing equal
treatment with nationals in several areas. It also
provides for facilitated naturalization of stateless
persons. On prevention, the Code strengthens
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