S872 COLUMBIA JOURNAL OF TRANSNATIONAL LAW [56:S855 the human approach integral to the Allies’ wartime mobilizing rhetoric. If World War I was “the war to end all wars,” World War II was the war to secure the rights of man. In January 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered his Four Freedoms speech, in which he directly linked global security to “four essential human freedoms,” encompassing civil, political, and economic rights. 100 Issued in August 1941, the Allies’ Atlantic Charter built on the Four Freedoms speech, promising that all people had the right to selfdetermination. 101 It reiterated that all men “may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want.” 102 Chairman Chiang Kai-Shek referred to these rights as the “cornerstones of our fighting faith,” linking the wartime efforts to the late President Sun Yat-Sen’s vision of rights and equality. 103 Meanwhile, H.G. Wells and Lord Chancellor John Sankey coauthored The Rights of Man, or, What Are We Fighting For? 104 Frank Capra directed Why We Fight, which portrayed the Axis powers’ abuses as an unacceptable affront to “the liberty and dignity of man.” 105 Stuart Legg produced The War for Men’s Minds, which declared that the Allies “must conquer men’s minds for their own great cause: the cause of human freedom, everywhere.” 106 Hersch Lauterpacht penned the International Bill of the Rights of Man. 107 The American Law Institute, as war raged on, began producing its own catalogue of fundamental rights 108 and contemplating the “international law of the future.” 109 These rights documents were meant to serve as “a basis and a test of any plan for the postwar world.” 110 Sixth Meeting, Study of Statelessness, U.N. Doc. E/OR(IX), (Aug. 6, 1949). 100. Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1941 State of the Union Address: The Four Freedoms (Jan. 6, 1941). 101. Atlantic Charter (Aug. 14, 1941), http://www.un.org/en/sections/history-unitednations-charter/1941-atlantic-charter/index.html [https://perma.cc/W6SM-VYYM]. 102. Id. 103. CHIANG KAI-SHEK, ALL WE ARE AND ALL WE HAVE 59 (1943) (specifically mentioning President Sun Yat-Sen’s commitment to “progressive realization of democracy, and a rising level of living conditions for the masses”). 104. H.G. WELLS & JOHN SANKEY, THE RIGHTS OF MAN, OR, WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR? (1940). 105. WHY WE FIGHT: WAR COMES TO AMERICA (U.S. Army Pictoral Services 1945). 106. THE WAR FOR MEN’S MINDS (Nat’l Film Board of Canada 1943). 107. HERSCH LAUTERPACHT, AN INTERNATIONAL BILL OF RIGHTS OF MAN (1945). 108. AM. L. INST., STATEMENT OF ESSENTIAL HUMAN RIGHTS (1945). 109. AM. L. INST., THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF THE FUTURE (1944). 110. AM. L. INST., DRAFT OF THE RIGHTS OF FREE MEN 2–3 (1944) (“Upon the freedom Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2954729