Implementation of the Global Action Plan In line with Action 2 (Ensure that no child is born stateless) and Action 6 (Grant protection status to stateless migrants and facilitate their naturalization), on 9 May, Paraguay’s Chamber of Deputies approved a draft law on the “Protection and Facilitation of Naturalization of Stateless Persons”. The draft bill, if adopted, would introduce a number of reforms, including a statelessness determination procedure and facilitated naturalization for stateless migrants. The bill also provides for the right of children of Paraguayan parents born abroad to acquire Paraguayan nationality, in case they cannot acquire any other nationality. stateless migrant living in Croatia who had been unable to regularize his residence status since arriving in the country in 1979. The Court ruled in favor of the applicant, finding that the Croatian authorities had failed to provide a procedure for the regularization of the applicant’s temporary residence, contrary to Croatia’s obligation under the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons. To promote the implementation of Actions 7 and 8, on 28 June in Geneva, Switzerland, the Open Society Justice Initiative, Namati and UNHCR launched a new Community-Based Practitioner’s Guide on Documenting Citizenship and Other Forms of Legal Identity. Drawing on the experience of more than 30 organisations engaged in individual assistance, the Guide is aimed primarily at capacitating organisations to help clients access documentary proof of citizenship and other forms of proof of legal identity, such as birth certificates. Also with respect to Action 2 and Action 6, in June the Icelandic Parliament adopted a bill aligning the Nationality Act with the standards set out in the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. The new law entered into force on 1 July and provides, among other things, that a person born stateless in Iceland may acquire citizenship after 3 years of habitual residence in the country, , and it reduces to 5 years the residency period required for naturalization applications from stateless persons. This achievement builds upon a series of previous efforts, most notably the 2014 study “Mapping Statelessness in Iceland”, the establishment of a National Action Plan to end statelessness, and provisions of the 2016 Aliens Act which aligned Icelandic legislation with the standards of the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons. In accordance with Action 9 (Accede to the UN Statelessness Conventions), on 11 April, Chile deposited its instruments of accession to both statelessness conventions, bringing the total number of Parties to the 1954 Convention to 90 and the total number of Parties to the 1961 Convention to 71. Both treaties will enter into force for Chile on 10 July 2018. With regard to Action 10 (Improve quantitative and qualitative data on stateless populations), UNHCR and Forcier Consulting launched a Study of Statelessness in South Sudan, which examines the legal and administrative causes of statelessness in the country. The report looks at practices of the Directorate of Nationality, Passports and Immigration, examines shortcomings in the nationality legislation, and considers how factors such as displacement and lack of birth registration may increase risks of statelessness in South Sudan. Furthermore, the report highlights the situation of nomadic and transboundary communities at risk of statelessness, including their limited access to basic rights and services. The study’s conclusions will inform the development of South Sudan’s forthcoming National Action Plan to end statelessness. With respect to Action 2 and Action 7 (Ensure birth registration for the prevention of statelessness), on 3 May, the European Parliament adopted a Resolution on the protection of children in migration. The Resolution calls for the EU and its Member States to ensure that the prevention of childhood statelessness is adequately addressed in national laws, in accordance with Article 7 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. In line with Action 5 (Prevent statelessness in cases of State succession) and Action 8 (Issue nationality documentation to those with entitlement to it), the European Court of Human Rights issued its judgment in the case of Hoti v. Croatia. in which UNHCR submitted a third-party written intervention. The case concerned a 7