Key Stakeholders and Roles In practice, applying the Principles requires a coordinated, sustained effort by multiple stakeholders who play essential roles in providing, using, overseeing, and funding official identification systems: • I ndividuals. People are the center of identification systems, both as the data subjects of these systems and the end-users who rely on identification to protect and claim their rights and to access services. They have the right to know and exercise appropriate oversight and control over how—and for what purpose—their personal data are collected, used, stored, shared, and otherwise processed by public and private bodies. Understanding and responding to people’s identification-related needs and concerns, protecting their personal data and privacy, and ensuring their participation in the design and implementation of identification systems that affect their lives are essential. • G  overnments. National and local government agencies are typically the identity providers for legal identification systems—e.g., civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS), national identification systems, population registries, foundational ID credentials, and so forth—as well as many functional systems, such as voter IDs, tax identifiers, and drivers’ licenses. Other government agencies and service providers are frequently relying parties for these systems, using them to identify or authenticate the people they interact with or serve. Government institutions, including legislatures and oversight bodies, also play a critical role in creating and enforcing legal and regulatory frameworks to enable and safeguard identification systems provided by both the public and private sectors. Finally, government agencies are typically involved in setting standards and developing and supervising trust and assurance frameworks for identity providers, relying parties, and other stakeholders in centralized, federated, or decentralized digital identity ecosystems. • P  rivate sector. Private companies are frequent developers, innovators, and suppliers of identification system components and infrastructure, and may also be providers of identity verification and authentication services. Many private companies are also relying parties who depend on legal or other identification systems to verify or authenticate the identities of their customers (e.g., to open bank or mobile money accounts). In some cases, private sector entities are identity providers within a federated or decentralized ecosystem that use government-issued credentials and authoritative source registries (e.g., civil registries and national identification systems) to create digital credentials or authentication services that are accepted for online government (and private sector) services. Principles on Identification for Sustainable Development 9