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other regulations, and protect clients against identity fraud and theft. When identification systems provide digital mechanisms for individuals to authenticate themselves
remotely in online contexts, they are also important enablers of an inclusive digital
economy and underpin digital platforms across sectors, including for online services
and digital payment systems.9
When designed and used appropriately, identification systems have the potential to
help countries accelerate inclusive development.
This includes improving governance and service delivery, increasing financial inclusion,
reducing gender inequalities by empowering women and girls, and increasing access
to health services and social safety nets for the poor. Compared to paper-based registries, the adoption of digital technologies has the potential to increase the accuracy
and reliability of identity data and credentials, automate processes to save money and
increase convenience, and provide new platforms for innovations in service delivery.
Although there are risks to digital technology, digitalization also presents the opportunity to intentionally design identification systems to be more inclusive, user-friendly,
and protective of people’s rights and data than ever before through the development
of new standards, models, and tools to exercise personal oversight and control over
how data are used.
9 See, for example, FATF. 2020. Guidance on Digital Identity. Financial Action Task Force (FATF), Paris; World
Bank. 2018. “Private Sector Economic Impacts from Identification Systems.” Washington, DC; Gelb, A., and
Metz, A. 2018. Identification Revolution: Can Digital ID Be Harnessed for Development? Washington, DC. Center for Global Development; Gelb, A., and Clark, J. 2013. “Identification for Development: The Biometrics Revolution,” Center for Global Development Working Paper 315.