Fig.6 Number of refugees per 1,000 inhabitants| end - 2015 Lebanon 183 Jordan 87 Nauru 50 Turkey 32 Chad 26 Djibouti 22 South Sudan 21 Mauritania 19 Sweden 17 Malta 17 of refugees. Other major refugee-producing countries at the end of 2015 included Ukraine (321,300), Pakistan17 (297,800), Burundi (292,800), Rwanda (286,400), and Iraq (264,100). Sharing the Responsibility of Hosting Refugees The size of a host country’s economy, development level, and population are important considerations in measuring the impact of hosting refugees. The developing regions18 continue to receive refugees disproportionately, with most hosted by low- and middle-income countries. For three years in a row, countries in these regions have hosted an average of 86 per cent of all refugees under UNHCR’s mandate, compared with about 70 per cent two decades ago. By the end of 2015, countries in developing regions hosted 13.9 million of the world’s total refugee population, compared with the 2.2 million hosted by countries in developed regions. In particular, the Least Developed Countries19 – those least able to meet the development needs of their own citizens, let alone the humanitarian needs often associated with refugee crises – provided asylum to over 4 million refugees. Gross Domestic Product (Purchasing Power Parity) per capita20 – the GDP (PPP) per capita – allows the size of a refugee population to be broadly compared to a host country’s national economic development. Unsurprisingly, given the large numbers of refugees and the levels of socio-economic development of 18 UNHCR Global Trends 2015 countries in developing regions, by the end of 2015 the 30 countries with the largest numbers of refugees per GDP (PPP) per capita were all in developing regions. The only exception was the Russian Federation, which was in 30th place with 12 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita. These 30 countries also included 20 States classified as Least Developed Countries. Figure 5 shows the Democratic Republic of the Congo at the top of this list, with 471 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita at the end of 2015 – implying that the country’s economic resources and capacities to host refugees are strained. With 453 and 317 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita at the end of 2015, Ethiopia and Pakistan were second and third, respectively. Although Turkey has significant economic resources, it is among the top-ranked countries in terms of the ratio of GDP to refugees due to the 2.5 million refugees it is hosting. Another way to measure a refugee population is to look at its size compared to the national population21 of the host country Figure 6 . As in the previous 17 These refugees live primarily in Afghanistan, with smaller numbers in Italy (9,200), Canada (7,200), United Kingdom (6,300), Germany (4,700), Australia (3,300) and the United States of America (3,100). 18 See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm for a list of countries included under each region. 19 See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm for a list of Least Developed Countries. 20 Source for Gross Domestic Product (Purchasing Power Parity): International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2015 (accessed 6 May 2015).