identity document issued by Serbia. The Survey used a questionnaire substantially similar to those employed in the 2010 and 2015 survey rounds to ensure comparability of findings. The Survey was conducted by CeSID’s co-ordinators and enumerators who are mainly ethnic Roma in October 2020. By selecting interviewers from the Roma community with experience in working with residents of informal settlements, CeSID wished to preclude challenges such as mistrust of non-community interviewers and overcome any language barriers that could prevent respondents from understanding the questions. 3.2 Household demographics The average household from the sample is significantly larger than the national average and has 5.2 members. Slightly more than three-quarters (76 percent) of families living in informal settlements have children under 16 years of age, with their average number in these households being 2.6. The sample was informed by the latest data10 on the extent of informal settlements and the number of their inhabitants and structured so as to be proportionally representative of all statistical regions. The distribution was Belgrade, 15 percent; Vojvodina, 29 percent; Southern and Eastern Serbia, 36 percent; and Western Serbia and Šumadija, 20 percent. The respondents were equally distributed across various types of communities. Relative to the 2015 round of the survey, migratory trends were identified, with 27 percent of the households interviewed now living in new urban or suburban areas. These were followed by poverty-afflicted villages and hamlets where the RAE population predominates, which accounted for 24 percent of the individuals polled. Old inner-city areas, partajas, accounted for 16 percent, and extremely deprived communities for 13 percent. Only 4 percent of those interviewed lived in collective accommodation. Patriarchal traditions meant that 69 percent of all heads of households, the persons who most commonly answered the interviewers’ questions, were men. Slightly fewer than one-third of those interviewed (31 percent) were women. The average respondent was 41 years old, as much as eight years younger than the average age found by surveys on representative samples of the entire Serbian population. The households in informal settlements mainly spoke Roma (as reported by 66 percent), followed by Serbian (25 percent) and Albanian (6 percent). As expected, as many as 99 percent of respondents who had citizenship were Serbian nationals, given that 97 percent of those interviewed reported being born in the territory of Serbia, including Kosovo and Metohija. Household incomes generally come from social welfare and childcare allowance, as well as wages earned from seasonal labour. No more than 13 percent of those polled reported regular monthly earnings, or salary, 10 Substandard Roma settlements in Serbia Review of data from the Geographic Information System for 2016, OSCE, 2017. Available at osce.org/files/f/documents/7/0/309401.pdf. 12 PERSONS AT RISK OF STATELESSNESS IN SERBIA OVERVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION AND THE WAY FORWARD