Feminist Foresight in Statelessness campaigns. 7 That literature conveys the vibrancy of the campaigns — the characters, the conversations and disagreements between them, misogynistic slurs against them, the parades and protests staged, and the drafting of documents and conventions by feminist lawyers and academics — although the present article does not deal with these in detail. Instead, this article details, in the first Part, key historical events in the citizenship equality campaigns of the early part of the twentieth century. The aim is to firmly insert these milestone events in statelessness history, thereby adjusting the dominant impressions found in contemporary statelessness studies that international attention, or action, on statelessness emerged as a result of the First World War, 8 that the ‘heyday’ was in the 1950s, 9 and that there has been an ‘unprecedented surge’ in interest in statelessness since 2010. 10 Indeed, the discovery of literature on early twentieth century campaigns is corrective to the author’s knowledge of the history of eradicating GDNL. 11 The second part of this article discusses the significance of the early 1900s citizenship equality campaigns for contemporary statelessness academia and action, both as a source of inspiration 7 8 9 10 11 Chrystal Macmillan, ‘Nationality of Married Women: Present Tendencies’ (1925) 7(4) Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law 142; Bertha Lutz, ‘Nationality of Married Women in the American Republics’ (1926) 60(4) Bulletin of the Pan American Union 392; Muna Lee, ‘The Inter-American Commission of Women: A New International Venture’ in A Pan-American Life: Selected Poetry and Prose of Muna Lee (Jonathan Cohen ed, University of Wisconsin Press 2004) 222, originally published in Pan-American Magazine (October 1929); Blanche Crozier, ‘The Changing Basis of Women’s Nationality’ (1934) 14(1) Boston University Law Review 129; Jacqueline Bhabha and Sue Shutter, Worlds Apart: Women under Immigration and Nationality Law (Longwood 1985); Miller (n 6); Mary Trigg, ‘“To Work Together for Ends Larger than Self”: The Feminist Struggles of Mary Beard and Doris Stevens in the 1930s’ (1995) 7(2) Journal of Women’s History 52; Bredbenner (n 1); Nitza Berkovitch and Niṣṣā Berqôvîč, From Motherhood to Citizenship: Women’s Rights and International Organizations (John Hopkins University Press 1999); Ellen C DuBois, ‘Internationalizing Married Women’s Nationality: The Hague Campaign of 1930’ in Karen Offen (ed), Globalizing Feminisms, 1789–1945 (Routledge 2010) 204; Katarina Leppänen, ‘The Conflicting Interests of Women’s Organizations and the League of Nations on the Question of Married Women’s Nationality in the 1930s’ (2009) 17(4) Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 240; Karen Knop and Christine Chinkin, ‘Remembering Chrystal Macmillan: Women’s Equality and Nationality in International Law’ (2001) 22(4) Michigan Journal of International Law 523; Mary E Daly, ‘Wives, Mothers, and Citizens: The Treatment of Women in the 1935 Nationality and Citizenship Act’ (2003) 38(3–4) ÉireIreland 244; Feryal M Cherif, Myths about Women’s Rights: How, Where, and Why Rights Advance (Oxford University Press 2015); Helen Irving, Citizenship, Alienage and the Modern Constitutional State: A Gendered History (Cambridge University Press 2016); Linda Guerry, ‘Married Women’s Nationality in the International Context: 1918–1935’, tr Ethan Rundell [2016] (43) Clio. Women, Gender, History 73; Paolo Amorosa, ‘Pioneering International Women’s Rights? The US National Woman’s Party and the 1933 Montevideo Equal Rights Treaties’ (2019) 30(2) European Journal of International Law 415. Cf Laura van Waas, Nationality Matters: Statelessness under International Law (Intersentia 2008) 93; Kristy A Belton, ‘Ending Statelessness through Belonging: A Transformative Agenda?’ (2016) 30(4) Ethics and International Affairs 419, 420; Karen Knop, ‘Relational Nationality: On Gender and Nationality in International Law’ in T Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer (eds), Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 2001) 89, 96; Berkovitch and Berqôvîč (n 7) 80. Miriam Rürup, ‘Lives in Limbo: Statelessness after Two World Wars’ (2011) 49(Fall) Bulletin of the German Historical Institute 113, 130. Cf Lindsey N Kingston, ‘“A Forgotten Human Rights Crisis”: Statelessness and Issue (Non)Emergence’ (2013) 14(2) Human Rights Review 73, 75. Laura van Waas, ‘“Are We There Yet?” The Emergence of Statelessness on the International Human Rights Agenda’ (2014) 32(4) Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 342. Albarazi, Brennan and van Waas (n 4) 197–98. 45