allowing for systematic data entry and secure storage. The interviews were conducted in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh by trained field staff operating under the close supervision of a senior researcher and with the support of an experienced team from the organization. This mixed-method approach ensured both methodological rigor and contextual sensitivity in documenting survivors’ experiences. The questions posed to the interviewees were open-ended to avoid leading them to any particular conclusions. Victims interviewed for this report were interviewed in Rohingya language and informed of the purpose of the interview. These interviews were then translated and transcribed into English by the Rohingya Human Rights Initiative (R4R-ROHRIngya) staff familiar with both languages. From there onwards, the authors of the report engaged with the collected testimonies and started doing contextual analysis keeping in view the considerations of theme and outline of the report. Given the heightened surveillance and precarity surrounding the Rohingya community, the privacy and safety of participants were of paramount concern throughout the data collection process. All interviews were conducted with strict adherence to confidentiality protocols in which no identifying information, including specific residential locations, was recorded. Ethnic, religious, gender identities, and broader geographical references were noted solely for the purpose of thematic and analytical interpretation. The research adhered to the principles of the “Do No Harm” framework, ensuring that participant selection and fieldwork were undertaken with the utmost caution and ethical responsibility. Every aspect of the interview process from the structuring of questions to the use of language, tone, and body language was sensitively calibrated. In light of widespread fears around illegality, detention, and deportation (particularly from India), written consent was deliberately avoided. Instead, verbal informed consent was sought, with participants being clearly told about the study’s purpose and their right to withdraw at any point. A number of participants expressed a willingness to share their stories, often motivated by the trust they placed in our organization’s director, a prominent Rohingya activist widely respected within and outside the community whose involvement proved instrumental in building rapport and securing participation. The research team also took care not to interrupt participant’s 12