and Jewish-Israeli citizens live in the same urban jurisdiction, such as the cities of Haifa, Jaffa, Acre, Lydd. However, in these cities, spatial and mental segregations between Palestinians and Jewish-Israelis are being exercised through a radical strategy of Judaization and de-Palestinization of the space.67 Judaization and de-Palestinization Judaization is a term used to describe the view that Israel seeks to transform the physical and demographic landscape of Mandate Palestine towards a fundamentally Jewish country. Judaization inherently means, and requires, the de-Palestinization of the physical and demographic landscape of Palestine. Judaization and de-Palestinization could amount for forced population transfer. Three main types of mixed cities can be identified in Israel. The first are cities such as Haifa where Jewish-Israelis and Palestinians lived under the same municipality prior to 1948. The second are Judaized Palestinian cities that existed before the Nakba, but which received a Jewish-Israeli population as part of the Judaizing project of Israel after 1948, such as Ramla, Acre, Yaffa, and Lydd, and that became dominated by a Jewish-Israeli majority. The third includes cities established after 1948 as Israeli-Jewish cities but which have since experienced an influx of Palestinians, like, for example, Upper Nazareth.68 The planning authorities deliberately failed to develop long-term strategies for dealing with increasing Palestinian populations and the need for their extra housing in the mixed cities. Case study: The city of Lydd The city of Lydd is located at the edge of the coast, between Jaffa and Jerusalem. During the Nakba, 250 Palestinians from Lydd were killed and about 20,000 inhabitants escaped or were forced by the Israeli army to leave the city. However, the need for specific professionals, such as railway workers, was the main reason for allowing 1,030 Palestinians to stay in the city.69 Today, the city has a population of 74,000, 30% of whom are Palestinian.70 Most of the Palestinian population live in poor neighborhoods that suffer from a lack of proper urban planning, poor sanitary conditions, and from high levels of crime and drug dealing. 67 Yiftachel and Haim, “Urban Ethnocracy: Ethnicization and the Production of Space in an Israeli `mixed City’.” 68 Ibid. 69 Morris, “Operation Dani and the Palestinian Exodus from Lydda and Ramle in 1948.” 70 Daher, “Palestinians in Lod and Ramle on the sidelines of marginalization [Arabic].” 23