Part I. Introduction and Context laws that plays a role: it is clearly about preventing statelessness, but also about rules on acquisition of nationality and non-discrimination in a very specific situation that has a big impact on nationality matters. Moreover, there are of course legal standards that proclaim the right to a nationality or that deal with the acquisition of nationality by stateless people through facilitated naturalization. Based on the above exploration, at least five categories of substantive legal norms on preventing and solving statelessness can be distinguished, which articulate different aspects of the human right to a nationality262: – legal norms aimed at preventing and solving childhood statelessness; – legal norms concerning solutions to conflicts of nationality law and preventing loss / (arbitrary) deprivation / denial of nationality (later in life – in order to prevent statelessness); – nationality matters and reduction of statelessness in the context of state succession; – legal norms aimed at the right to a nationality and acquisition of a nationality for people who became stateless in the past and remain stateless today and/or who arrive to a country stateless (in order to solve statelessness); – legal norms ensuring non-discrimination and equality before the law in nationality matters (acquisition and loss and (arbitrary) deprivation of nationality – in order to prevent and solve statelessness). Legal norms addressing the nationality of (married) women were not given a separate category, similar to preventing and solving childhood statelessness, because they were simply less prominent. These legal norms fit, however, within the categories on nondiscrimination and on preventing conflicts of nationality laws and loss of nationality. It is acknowledged that, even with this preliminary categorization, it might be hard to distinguish one category from the other. That is no surprise and is also not problematic, because all types of norms concern the prevention of and solutions to statelessness in the end, which makes it only logical that they are interrelated to some extent. For instance, there are norms specifically for children that also fit in the other categories – where it concerns non-discrimination of children in nationality matters for instance. However, because they focus on children, such norms can most appropriately be considered under the heading of childhood statelessness. Moreover, it should be noted that it is difficult to separate the substantive norms on preventing and solving from the more procedural ones. For instance, in order to be able to prevent statelessness or solve statelessness, it is necessary to know what this entails and to be able to identify it. As such, the definition of statelessness and adequate procedures for determining statelessness, but also fair procedures for acquisition of nationality are important to all categories of legal norms identified above. This presupposes that the rights to due process and an effective remedy263 are also adequately ensured. 262 263 48 For a schematic overview, please refer to annex I. On the rights to due process and an effective remedy, see for instance Arts 2(3) & 14 ICCPR. Intersentia