EVALUATION OF UNHCR-LED INITIATIVES TO END STATELESSNESS – FINAL REPORT – VOLUME I implementation at national and sub-national level. To ensure this, UNHCR needs to play a continued monitoring role and be prepared to advocate on behalf of stateless and formerly stateless persons if and when instances of discrimination or exclusion arise, or when funding and capacity are threatened to implement agreed solutions, despite changes in laws and policy. Case study and global interviews offered multiple cautionary stories of contexts where statelessness was thought to be minimal or resolved, only to find that legislative or executive arms of a national government, or sub-national government bodies, were discussing changes in law, policy or practice that would generate new cases of statelessness or put people at-risk of statelessness. 143. Based on identified influencing factors and lessons about prevention and resolution of statelessness in different contexts, the evaluation team developed an inferred success pathway that could be used for developing long-term strategies and plans for work on statelessness in UNHCR operations. Figure 16 illustrates these planning elements and simplified progression towards sustained solutions. 144. The inferred success pathway, while presented in a rather linear fashion, is representative of a holistic view of the incremental changes and related efforts required to achieve durable solutions for identifying and protecting persons of concern, preventing and resolving statelessness, and facilitating local integration of PoC. In some case studies certain elements have already been achieved or are easier to influence. In other cases, there has been the need to continuously and incrementally build on progress (such as improving data or revisiting political sensitivities as they arise) while continuing on to other actions. Figure 16 – Inferred success pathway Collect and analyze information to understand scope and attributes of statelessness, obstacles and opportunities for change Build understanding of government, public, PoC, partners on problem and implications; develop partnerships and coalitions Awareness & knowledge of key actors Data on PoC, context, drivers Dedicate internal resources to focus on statelessness mandate Initial HCR staff and budget commitments Sustained solutions Public and / or policy advocacy to overcome sensitivities; enhance key government and community relationships Sensitivities – political & socio-cultural Secure nationality, ensure sustained implementation and adherence, prevent new cases of statelessness, shift to monitoring and technical advice Willingness to address Confirm enabling environment is conducive, develop multi-stakeholder plans and projects Ongoing and expanded prioritization Ensure continued focus and support and expand prioritization to external actors, work to plan, monitor progress Capacity and resources Develop HCR, government and partner capacities and secure resources for initiatives 145. Key informants stressed that the appropriate combination of initiatives UNHCR plans and implements to address statelessness need to be context specific. Plans need to be based on nuanced understanding of the historical and political circumstances of a particular situation, key drivers of statelessness, the current dimensions of the problem, and the role of different stakeholders to tailor, advocate for, and implement the best approaches. 42 UNHCR / May, 2021

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